实战ArduinoUNO制作高压编程器恢复Atmega8熔丝

上个月折腾arduino最小系统，一不小心改错晶振熔丝位，导致一块Atmega8A-PU芯片无法识别，请教度娘得知需要使用高压编程器来恢复熔丝，虽然淘宝上找到有现成的刷写设备，本着折腾精神，百度了相关资料，发现DIY一个也应该不是很困难。然后就是根据资料里面的电路图上淘宝掏了相关电子元件（没办法，小地方，很多东西都买不到，只能网购），修修改改，没想到竟然做出来了，现在把一些制作过程分享一下，首先先上做好的板子如下：

下面说说制作过程，整个制作过程主要参考了以下相关资料

http://jingyan.baidu.com/article/22a299b53e2ab89e19376a05.html

http://mightyohm.com/blog/2008/09/arduino-based-avr-high-voltage-programmer/ （鸟文页面，好像上面百度那个也是翻译这里面的内容，需翻墙浏览，为啥？？别问过，我也不知道为啥技术论坛也要翻墙）

制作材料如下：

1、合适大小洞洞板一块

2、1K 电容若干

3、2N3903或2N3904三极管一个

4、开关一个

5、led等一个

6、28脚芯片座一个

7、连接线若干

8、12V直流电供电设备一个（由于高压编程器需要外接12V直流电源，我是用淘宝上掏的一块升压模块接电池实现的）

首先对照下面的电路图把电子元件焊接到洞洞板上

图片中左边的芯片针脚对应arduino UNO，右边的针脚对应的事待恢复的芯片针脚（即28脚芯片座），具体的针脚顺序参照下图

电路接好后，将恢复代码刷写进arduino里，百度知识里面的那位哥们没有把代码文件分享出来，结果在那个鸟文网站找到了代码，为了方便没法翻墙的弟兄们，现将代码分享在这里，方便大家使用

/*   HVFuse - Use High Voltage Programming Mode to Set Fuses on ATmega48/88/168 09/23/08  Jeff Keyzer  http://mightyohm.com                 The HV programming routines are based on those described in the ATmega48/88/168 datasheet 2545M-AVR-09/07, pg. 290-297 This program should work for other members of the AVR family, but has only been verified to work with the ATmega168.  If it works for you, please let me know!  http://mightyohm.com/blog/contact/ */// Desired fuse configuration#define  HFUSE  0xDF   // Default for ATmega48/88/168, for others see#define  LFUSE  0x62   // http://www.engbedded.com/cgi-bin/fc.cgi// Pin Assignments#define  DATA    PORTD // PORTD = Arduino Digital pins 0-7#define  DATAD   DDRD  // Data direction register for DATA port#define  VCC     8#define  RDY     12     // RDY/!BSY signal from target#define  OE      11#define  WR      10#define  BS1     9#define  XA0     13#define  XA1     18    // Analog inputs 0-5 can be addressed as#define  PAGEL   19    // digital outputs 14-19#define  RST     14    // Output to level shifter for !RESET#define  BS2     16#define  XTAL1   17#define  BUTTON  15    // Run buttonvoid setup()  // run once, when the sketch starts{  // Set up control lines for HV parallel programming  DATA = 0x00;  // Clear digital pins 0-7  DATAD = 0xFF; // set digital pins 0-7 as outputs  pinMode(VCC, OUTPUT);  pinMode(RDY, INPUT);  pinMode(OE, OUTPUT);  pinMode(WR, OUTPUT);  pinMode(BS1, OUTPUT);  pinMode(XA0, OUTPUT);  pinMode(XA1, OUTPUT);  pinMode(PAGEL, OUTPUT);  pinMode(RST, OUTPUT);  // signal to level shifter for +12V !RESET  pinMode(BS2, OUTPUT);  pinMode(XTAL1, OUTPUT);  pinMode(BUTTON, INPUT);  digitalWrite(BUTTON, HIGH);  // turn on pullup resistor  // Initialize output pins as needed  digitalWrite(RST, HIGH);  // Level shifter is inverting, this shuts off 12V}void loop()  // run over and over again{  while(digitalRead(BUTTON) == HIGH) {  // wait until button is pressed  }  // Initialize pins to enter programming mode  digitalWrite(PAGEL, LOW);  digitalWrite(XA1, LOW);  digitalWrite(XA0, LOW);  digitalWrite(BS1, LOW);  digitalWrite(BS2, LOW);  // Enter programming mode  digitalWrite(VCC, HIGH);  // Apply VCC to start programming process  digitalWrite(WR, HIGH);  // Now we can assert !OE and !WR  digitalWrite(OE, HIGH);  delay(1);  digitalWrite(RST, LOW);   // Apply 12V to !RESET thru level shifter  delay(1);  // Now we're in programming mode until RST is set HIGH again    // First we program HFUSE  sendcmd(B01000000);  // Send command to enable fuse programming mode  writefuse(HFUSE, true);  // Now we program LFUSE  sendcmd(B01000000);  writefuse(LFUSE, false);  delay(1000);  // wait a while to allow button to be released  // Exit programming mode  digitalWrite(RST, HIGH);  // Turn off all outputs  DATA = 0x00;  digitalWrite(OE, LOW);  digitalWrite(WR, LOW);  digitalWrite(PAGEL, LOW);  digitalWrite(XA1, LOW);  digitalWrite(XA0, LOW);  digitalWrite(BS1, LOW);  digitalWrite(BS2, LOW);  digitalWrite(VCC, LOW);}void sendcmd(byte command)  // Send command to target AVR{  // Set controls for command mode  digitalWrite(XA1, HIGH);  digitalWrite(XA0, LOW);  digitalWrite(BS1, LOW);  //DATA = B01000000;  // Command to load fuse bits  DATA = command;  digitalWrite(XTAL1, HIGH);  // pulse XTAL to send command to target  delay(1);  digitalWrite(XTAL1, LOW);  //delay(1);}void writefuse(byte fuse, boolean highbyte)  // write high or low fuse to AVR{  // if highbyte = true, then we program HFUSE, otherwise LFUSE    // Enable data loading  digitalWrite(XA1, LOW);  digitalWrite(XA0, HIGH);  delay(1);  // Write fuse  DATA = fuse;  // set desired fuse value  digitalWrite(XTAL1, HIGH);  delay(1);  digitalWrite(XTAL1, LOW);  if(highbyte == true)    digitalWrite(BS1, HIGH);  // program HFUSE  else    digitalWrite(BS1, LOW);  digitalWrite(WR, LOW);  delay(1);  digitalWrite(WR, HIGH);  delay(100);}

代码需按照刷写芯片更改

#define  HFUSE  0xDF   // Default for ATmega48/88/168, for others see#define  LFUSE  0x62   // http://www.engbedded.com/cgi-bin/fc.cgi

以上两行位熔丝位，需根据恢复的芯片来修改，我的芯片是Atmega8A-PU，按照资料里面的修改发现不行，查看了手头上能正常使用的同型号芯片的熔丝位，改成下面的内容后，发现芯片修复正常。

#define  HFUSE  0xDC  

#define  LFUSE   0xA4

刷完代码后，接上洞洞板和12V电源，UNO的L灯会亮，然后按洞洞板上的开关，UNO的灯会先灭再亮，这时芯片应该已经正常修复了，如果芯片还是修复不成功，在确保芯片不是烧毁的问题的情况下，检查熔丝位是否正确。注意，此设备只能起到恢复熔丝位的作用，无法修复烧毁芯片。最后提醒大家焊接洞洞板的时候对每个焊点都要确保焊接到位，不然到时出了问题都不知道是什么问题。

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