Lesson 3 An unknown goddess

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

◆goddess              n. 女神

◆archaeologist    n. 考古学家

◆Aegean              adj. 爱琴海的

◆explore               v. 考察，勘探

◆promontory        n.海角

◆prosperous        adj.（经济上）繁荣的，昌盛的

◆civilization          n. 文明

◆storey                  n. 楼层

◆drainage            n. 排水

◆worship              n. 崇拜

◆sacred                adj. 宗教的，神圣的

◆fragment            n. 碎片

◆remains              n. 遗物， 遗迹，废墟

◆classical             adj. （希腊罗马）古文化的

◆reconstruct         v. 修复

◆rest                       v. 倚放，放置

◆hip                        n. 屁股，臀部

◆full-length          adj. （裙衣）拖地长的

◆graceful              adj. 优雅的

◆identity                n. 身份

 

★goddess n. 女神

 

★archaeologist n.考古学家

 

★Aegean adj. 爱琴海的

 

★explore v. 考察，勘探

Thearchaeologists are exploring the cave.

exploration n.

explorer n.探险家

 

★promontory  n. 海角

 

★prosperous  adj. （经济上）繁荣的，昌盛的

Our finance isprosperous.

thriving 昌盛的，兴旺的

booming 蓬勃的，景气的

flourishing 繁茂的，健康的

 

★civilization n. 文明

high level ofcivilization高度文明

civilize v.

 

★storey n. 楼层

 

★drainage n. 排水

 

★worship n. 崇拜

respect;admire

Who do youworship in th world?

warship n. 军舰战船

 

★sacred adj. 宗教的，神圣的

holy adj. 神圣的，圣洁的

solemn adj. 庄严的，庄重的

sacred music 圣乐

sacred promise神圣的诺言

 

★fragment n. 碎片

 

★remains n. 遗物， 遗迹，废墟

 

★classical adj. （希腊罗马）古文化的

classicalmusic 古典音乐

classicaleducation 人文科学教育

classic adj. 第一流的

This is aclassic example of love at the first sight.

classic n. 杰作，经典之作

 

★reconstruct v. 修复

re-重新，再次

construct 构造，建造，组织

build house 造建筑物

put up a tent

construct asentence

construct abroken statuary

erect: buildhigh buildings

erect monument建造纪念碑

erect clocktower 建造钟楼

setup;establish; found 建立

Eg: setupstudents’ union

establisha school / rule

founda country

constructionn.

constructiveadj. 有教育意义的

constructor n.建设者

 

★rest v. 倚放，放置

 

★hip n. 屁股，臀部

[口] 在服用兴奋剂，宗教信仰方面赶时髦的人；消息灵通人士；adj. 通晓的，见闻广的

Eg: Hary is areal hip. 玛丽真是赶时髦

The guy isn’ta hip.这家伙什么都不懂

joined at thehip 表示交情极厚的

Eg: These twoare joined at the hip.

shoot from thehip 信口开河

Eg: Sorry, Isaid that I shouldn’t have shot from the hip.

 

★full-length adj.（裙衣）拖地长的

afull-length dress

 

★graceful adj. 优雅的

a gracefullady

elegant(behavier)

 

★identity n. 身份

 

【Text】

§Lesson 3 An unknown goddess 无名女神

Listento the tape then answer the question below.

Howdid the archaeologists know that the statue was a goddess?

 

Sometime ago，an interesting discovery was made by archaeologists onthe Aegean island of Kea．An American team explored a templewhich stands in an ancient city on the promontory of Ayia Irini．Thecity at one time must have been prosperous，for it enjoyed ahigh level of civilization．Houses--often three

storeyshigh----were built of stone．They had large rooms with beautifullydecorated walls．The city was even equipped with a drainage system，for agreat many clay pipes were found beneath the narrow   streets．

  The temple which the archaeologists exploredwas used as a place of worship from the fifteenth century B.C. until Romantimes. In the most sacred room of the temple, clay fragments of fifteen statueswere found. Each of these represented a goddess and had, at one time, beenpainted. The body of one statue

wasfound among remains dating from the fifteenth century B.C. Its missing head happenedto be among remains of the fifth century B.C.This head must have been found inClassical times and carefully preserved. It was very old and precious eventhen. When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were amazed tofind that the goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman. She stoodthree feet high and her hands rested on her hip. She was wearing a full-lengthskirt which swept the ground. Despite her great age, she was very gracefulindeed, but, so far,the archaeologists have been unable to discover heridentity.

 

【课文讲解】

aninteresting discovery：强调discovery， 体现发现这个动作被考古学家做出

主动语态难以突出重点archaeologists made an interesting discovery

 

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L03-02 begin 12’42”

英文表达：结果、影响、效果为主语，强调对客观事实的陈述

 

AnAmerican team explored a temple which…

which引导定语从句，修饰限定temple

 

whichstands in an ancient city on…

which= that; stand = lie, situate (vt.) locate (vt.)

 

AnAmerican team explored a temple which is located / situated in…

AnAmerican team explored a temple which lie in…

 

stand表示高高坐落于，矗立于

Eg:She stands 1.75m./ A great tree stands on the mount.

 

Thecity at one time must have been prosperous，for it…

for引导原因状语从句，对主句的附加说明

because引导原因状语从句，重点突出原因

Eg:The day broke for the birds were singing.

 

atone time:表达曾经，一度；过去时态的标志， once

 

musthave been 对过去事实肯定的推测

 

enjoyeda high level of civilization. 享有高度文明

 

with…

Eg: ayoung man with broad shoulders / an old lady with black hair

 

beautifullydecorated 过去分词做定语

abeautifully dressed lady衣着漂亮的女士 / a deserted carpark 废弃的停车场

awhite painted door 被粉刷成白色的门

 

现在分词做定语，被修饰词与修饰词之间为；逻辑主动关系

a boyclimbing the tree / the students reading in the room

 

Thecity was even equipped with… for… were found…

beequipped with 配备，装备

Eg:the car was equipped with air conditioning.

 

for 引导原因状语从句

 

beneaththe narrow streets / under the narrow streets

prep.beneath = under 正下方

He isstanding under / beneath the umbrella.

 

under:在进行中，undercontrol 控制之中；under discussion 讨论之中；under repairs 修理之中

below:在下方，强调斜下方

Eg:She is sitting below the window.

 

Thetemple which…

beused as / be used to be 把…用作为

Eg:Thebox was used as a desk in the small village school.

The wooden box was used as a bookcase.

The wooden box is used to contain books.

 

Inthe most sacred room of…

Eachof these represented … been painted.

 

representvt. 代表

Irepresent all the classmates.

 

Thebody of one statue was found…

dating现在分词，修饰remains

thecustoms dating from 1990

 

datefrom 追溯到，从… 开始

Thetradition dates from the time when his grandfather was young.

 

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L03-03 begin 12’56”

 

Thecastle dates from the 14^th century.

Thecastle dates back to the century.

 

Itsmissing head happened to be among remains of…

happento 强调事情的偶然发生

Eg: Ihappen to have driven that kind of car. 我恰巧开过那种汽车。

He happened to find the ticket in his pocket. 他恰巧在口袋里找到那张票。

 

句式：Ithappens that……

Eg:It happnes that I met her on my way to work

    I happened to meet her on my way to work

 

happenon 巧遇，偶然发现,偶遇

Eg:  I happend on this old picture in the back ofthe drawer.

     Guess, who I happend on while I was in Londonlast month?

 

reconstruct:put together, piece together, restore

 

 

四个形容词:amazed:very much surprised

surprised;astonished; amazed; astounded 感到惊讶的，语气递增

astonished:much surprised

amazed:very much surprised 惊奇

astounded非常惊讶，尺愕，惊奇

 

tofind… / to discover… / to realize…

I’mnot surprised to see you here.

 

turnout 表明结果

turnout ( to be) + n./adj.

Eg:Our party turned out (to be) a success

    the concert turned out to be failure.

Itturned out that…………  原来是(表示结果)

that 从句，或其他名词从句，it 作形式主语

Eg:It turned out that the diamond had been in the bank all the time.

    It turned out that his statement was false.

 

as itturns out 人们后来发现

Eg:As it turns out, there was not need to worry.

As it turns out, the report was mistaken. 人们后来发现,这篇报告被弄错了。

 

Shestood three feet high and her hands rested on th hips.

reston = depend on, lean on

Hishand rested lightly on my shoulder.

 

whichswept the ground进一步说明拖地的，曳地的

 

despite/ in spite of +n. /动名词

 

It isstill a problem for the archaeologists up to now.

 

sofar,up to now 都是完成时的标志

 

discoverher identity: find out he identity

 

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L03-04 begin  12’58”

【Specialdifficulties】

happen (to) , it happened that…

 

【Multiplechoice questions】

Comprehension

1  The interesting discovery made by thearchaeologists was         .

a.that the city had once been prosperous

b.that the temple had been used as a place of worship

c.they found the fifteen statues had been painted

d.that they were not the first to have found the head of the goddess

 

It’smissing head happened to be among remains of the fifth century B.C.’

1.  D

 

2  The city ‘enjoyed a high level ofcivilization’ . This is confirmed by the fact that         .

a.some of the houses were built only one storey high

b. agreat number of fragments were found in the temple

c.the city had been built on clay

d.advanced techniques had been employed in building and decorating

 

Thisis confirmed by the fact that引导同位语从句，补充说明fact 的内容。

beemployed in:被应用在…方面

 

‘…Thecity at one time must have been prosperous，for it enjoyed ahigh level of civilization．Houses--often three storeys high-werebuilt of stone．They had large rooms with beautifully decorated walls．Thecity was even equipped with a drainage system…’

 

3  Inseeking to establish the identity of the reconstructed statue, thearchaeologists             .

a.tried to determine which goddess it represented

b.pieced together the fragments they found

c.discovered that it was more modern than any of the other statues

d.wondered whether it belonged to the fifth or the fifteenth century

 

indoing sth: 在…方面

 

structure

4  The city had once known           .(ll.4-5)

a, aprosperity    b, the prosperous    c. the prosperity    d. prosperity

 

重点词汇know:知道，认识；经历过，曾经有过（= experience）,  这是一个文学用语，比experience更加正式

 

5  The temple          used as a place of worship since Roman times.(ll.9-10)

a. was    b. has not been    c. had been    d. was not

 

since:自从  主句的主干时态为现在完成时

 

6  They found          that the goddess turned out to be …(ll.14-15)

a.surprisingly    b. with surprise    c. to their surprise    d. a surprise

 

totheir surprise:使某人感到惊讶的是 （在句中可做独立的状语，句子的主语不必是某个人）

withsurprise:惊讶地 （首先，必须与行为动词连用，其次，句子的主语必须是某个人）

Eg:To my great disappointment the train had already left.

With satisfaction / delight / dismay

Hesmoked his cigarette with satisfaction.

Hewent home with dismay.

Toour dismay the party proved to be a failure.

 

7          being very old, she was very graceful.(ll.16-17)

a.Although    b. In spite of    c. Even   d. Even though

 

despite= in spite of (可以和名词、代词、动名词搭配)

 

8  So far, the archaeologists          to discover her identity. (l.17)

a.have been impossible    b. have not beenable    c. cannot have been    d. could not

 

sofar  现在完成时的标志

如果用posible/ imposible, 要采用形式主语it

…ithas been impossible for the archaeologists to discover her identity.

 

Vocabulary

9  In themost          room of the temple…(l.10)

a.holy    b. religious    c. frightening    d. colourful

 

原文中用到了sacred(宗教的，神圣的)

religious宗教的

frightening令人害怕的

colourful丰富多彩的

 

10  The head was carefully preserved. It was         .(l.13)

a.well done    b. conserved   c. maintained    c. in good condition

 

state

welldone 侧重强调做得好

conserve= keep from being wasted ,damaged, lost, destroyed

“不用尽或耗尽某物，保留“

conserveyour energy you needed

wenust conserve out forest

maintain:通过修缮保养，不使…破损（强调动作的过程）“维修，保养”

 

11  The goddess        to be a very modern-looking woman. (l.15)

a.appeared    b. proved    c. resolved    d. changed

 

turnout = prove

 

12  But,        the archaeologists have been unable…(l.17)

a.beforehand    b. until now    c. for a long time    d. at this distance

 

sofar =>until now, up till now

beforehand:(adv.) 事先 = in advance

atthis distance (of / in time) 时隔已久

Eg: Ican hardly remember him at this distance of time.

 

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L04-01   begin 12’30”