redis基本操作

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1、redis基本数据类型

string

list

set

sort set

hash

2、数据类型的基本操作

（1）string

127.0.0.1:6379> set name "lck"
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> get name
"lck"
127.0.0.1:6379> append name "jaca"
(integer) 7
127.0.0.1:6379> get name
"lckjaca"

127.0.0.1:6379> set counter 1000
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> get counter
"1000"
127.0.0.1:6379> incr counter
(integer) 1001
127.0.0.1:6379> decr counter
(integer) 1000

（2）list

127.0.0.1:6379> lpush lists redis        #左添加
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> lpush lists mongo        #左添加
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange lists 1:-1       #有错误
(error) ERR wrong number of arguments for \'lrange\' command
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange lists 1 -1        #获取1到最后所有数据
1) "redis"
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange lists 0 -1        #获取所有数据
1) "mongo"
2) "redis"
127.0.0.1:6379> rpush lists python        #右添加数据
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange lists 0 -1
1) "mongo"
2) "redis"
3) "python"
127.0.0.1:6379> lpop lists        #左取数据，取出后数据就没有了
"mongo"
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange lists 0 -1
1) "redis"
2) "python"
127.0.0.1:6379> rpop lists        #右边取数据
"python"
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange lists 0 -1
1) "redis"
127.0.0.1:6379> llen lists
(integer) 1

（3）set

127.0.0.1:6379> sadd sets a
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd sets bb
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd sets bb
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd sets ccc
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd sets ccc
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd sets a bb dddd
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> scard sets
(integer) 4
127.0.0.1:6379> scan sets
(error) ERR invalid cursor
127.0.0.1:6379> smember sets
(error) ERR unknown command \'smember\'
127.0.0.1:6379> smembers sets
1) "ccc"
2) "a"
3) "bb"
4) "dddd"
127.0.0.1:6379> scard set
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379> scard sets
(integer) 4
127.0.0.1:6379> srem sets "dddd"
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> smembers sets
1) "ccc"
2) "a"
3) "bb"
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd setA 1 2 3
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd setB 2 3 4
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> sdiff setA setB
1) "1"

（4）sort set

127.0.0.1:6379> zadd sortset 1 redis 3 mysql 2 python
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> zmembers sortset
(error) ERR unknown command \'zmembers\'
127.0.0.1:6379> smembers sortset
(error) WRONGTYPE Operation against a key holding the wrong kind of value
127.0.0.1:6379> zrange sortset 0 -1
1) "redis"
2) "python"
3) "mysql"
127.0.0.1:6379> zadd sortset 2 mongo
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> zrange sortset 0 -1
1) "redis"
2) "mongo"
3) "python"
4) "mysql"
127.0.0.1:6379> zrank sortset 2
(nil)
127.0.0.1:6379> zrank sortset mongo
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> zrank sortset python
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> zrevrank sortset mongo
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> zrangebysocre sortset 2 3 withscores
(error) ERR unknown command \'zrangebysocre\'
127.0.0.1:6379> zrangebyscore sortset 2 3 withscores
1) "mongo"
2) "2"
3) "python"
4) "2"
5) "mysql"
6) "3"
127.0.0.1:6379> zcount sortset 2 3
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> zcard sortset
(integer) 4

（5）hash

127.0.0.1:6379> hset hashset field1 hello
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> hsetnx hashset field "hello"
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> hsetnx hashset field "hello"
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379> hsetnx hashset field1 "hello"
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379> hmset hash set field1 "hello1" field2 "hello2"
(error) ERR wrong number of arguments for HMSET
127.0.0.1:6379> hmset hashset field1 "hello1" field2 "hello2"
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> hget hashset field1
"hello1"
127.0.0.1:6379> hget hashset field2
"hello2"
127.0.0.1:6379> hget hashset field
"hello"
127.0.0.1:6379> hget hashset field3
(nil)
127.0.0.1:6379> hmget hashset field field1
1) "hello"
2) "hello1"
127.0.0.1:6379> hexist hashset field
(error) ERR unknown command \'hexist\'
127.0.0.1:6379> hexists hashset field
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> hexists hashset field4
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379> hlen hashset
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> hdel hashset field2
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> hkeys hashset
1) "field1"
2) "field"
127.0.0.1:6379> hvals hashset
1) "hello1"
2) "hello"
127.0.0.1:6379> hgetall hashset
1) "field1"
2) "hello1"
3) "field"
4) "hello"

3、常用命令

（1）键值相关命令

127.0.0.1:6379> keys *
1) "counter"
2) "setB"
3) "setA"
4) "name"
5) "lists"
6) "sets"
7) "hashset"
8) "sortset"
127.0.0.1:6379> keys list*
1) "lists"

（2）exists

127.0.0.1:6379> exists list*
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379> exists lists
(integer) 1

（3）del

127.0.0.1:6379> del setA
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> keys set*
1) "setB"
2) "sets"

（4）expires

127.0.0.1:6379> expire setB 10
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> keys set*
1) "setB"
2) "sets"
127.0.0.1:6379> keys set*
1) "sets"

（5）select、move

127.0.0.1:6379> select 0
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> set age 27
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> move age 1
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> get age
(nil)
127.0.0.1:6379> select 1
OK
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> get age
"27"

（6）rename

127.0.0.1:6379> rename lists list_new
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> keys *
1) "counter"
2) "name"
3) "sets"
4) "list_new"
5) "hashset"
6) "sortset"

（7）type

127.0.0.1:6379> type name
string
127.0.0.1:6379> type sets
set
127.0.0.1:6379> type hashset
hash

（8）dbsize

127.0.0.1:6379> dbsize
(integer) 6

（9）info

127.0.0.1:6379> info
# Server
redis_version:2.8.19
redis_git_sha1:00000000
redis_git_dirty:0
redis_build_id:d7de94bf5eadec7a
redis_mode:standalone
os:Darwin 15.2.0 x86_64
arch_bits:64
multiplexing_api:kqueue
gcc_version:4.2.1
process_id:2649
run_id:2435ddcac767793374bb57a965b468e5a9a36d9b
tcp_port:6379
uptime_in_seconds:8221
uptime_in_days:0
hz:10
lru_clock:14648576
config_file:/usr/local/etc/redis.conf
# Clients
connected_clients:1
client_longest_output_list:0
client_biggest_input_buf:0
blocked_clients:0
# Memory
used_memory:1004400
used_memory_human:980.86K
used_memory_rss:1040384
used_memory_peak:1004512
used_memory_peak_human:980.97K
used_memory_lua:35840
mem_fragmentation_ratio:1.04
mem_allocator:libc
# Persistence
loading:0
rdb_changes_since_last_save:8
rdb_bgsave_in_progress:0
rdb_last_save_time:1474265548
rdb_last_bgsave_status:ok
rdb_last_bgsave_time_sec:0
rdb_current_bgsave_time_sec:-1
aof_enabled:0
aof_rewrite_in_progress:0
aof_rewrite_scheduled:0
aof_last_rewrite_time_sec:-1
aof_current_rewrite_time_sec:-1
aof_last_bgrewrite_status:ok
aof_last_write_status:ok
# Stats
total_connections_received:1
total_commands_processed:89
instantaneous_ops_per_sec:0
total_net_input_bytes:3308
total_net_output_bytes:1469
instantaneous_input_kbps:0.00
instantaneous_output_kbps:0.00
rejected_connections:0
sync_full:0
sync_partial_ok:0
sync_partial_err:0
expired_keys:1
evicted_keys:0
keyspace_hits:41
keyspace_misses:2
pubsub_channels:0
pubsub_patterns:0
latest_fork_usec:285
# Replication
role:master
connected_slaves:0
master_repl_offset:0
repl_backlog_active:0
repl_backlog_size:1048576
repl_backlog_first_byte_offset:0
repl_backlog_histlen:0
# CPU
used_cpu_sys:3.19
used_cpu_user:1.64
used_cpu_sys_children:0.01
used_cpu_user_children:0.00
# Keyspace
db0:keys=6,expires=0,avg_ttl=0
db1:keys=1,expires=0,avg_ttl=0

（10）

127.0.0.1:6379> config get dir
1) "dir"
2) "/usr/local/var/db/redis"

4、事务控制

redis对事务的支持还是比较简单，redis只能保证一个client发起事务的命令可以连续的执行，而中间不会插入其他的client命令，由于redis是单线程来处理所有client的请求容易做到。一般情况下redis在接受到一个client发来的命令后会立即处理并返回处理结果，但是当一个client在一个连接中发出multi命令，这个连接会进入一个事务上下文，连接后续命令不是立即执行，而是先放到一个队列中。当从此连接收到exec后，redis会顺序执行队列中所有命令，并将所有命令结果打包到一起返回给client，然后连接就结束事务上下文。

(1)一个简单事务过程

127.0.0.1:6379> select 0
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> set age 27
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> get age
"27"
127.0.0.1:6379> multi
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> set age 28
QUEUED
127.0.0.1:6379> get age
QUEUED
127.0.0.1:6379> exec
1) OK
2) "28"
127.0.0.1:6379> get age
"28"

（2）取消一个事务(discard)

127.0.0.1:6379> get age
"28"
127.0.0.1:6379> multi
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> set age 29
QUEUED
127.0.0.1:6379> set age 50
QUEUED
127.0.0.1:6379> discard
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> get age
"28"

(3)乐观锁复杂事务控制

大多数是基于数据版本（version）的记录机制实现的。何谓数据版本？即为数据增加一个版本标识，在基于数据库表的版本解决方案中，一般是通过为数据库表添加一个 “version”字段来实现读取出数据时，将此版本号一同读出，之后更新时，对此版本号加1。此时，将提交数据的版本号与数据库表对应记录的当前版本号进行比对，如果提交的数据版本号大于数据库表当前版本号，则予以更新，否则认为是过期数据

（1）第一步，session 1 还没来得及对age进行修改

（2）第二步 session 2 已经将age设置为30

（3）第三步 session 1希望将age设置为20，但是执行返回结果是nil，说明执行失败，之后再取age值是30，这是由于Session 1 对age加了乐观锁导致的。

127.0.0.1:6379> get age
"20"
127.0.0.1:6379> watch age
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> multi
OK

127.0.0.1:6379> get age
"20"
127.0.0.1:6379> set age 30
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> get age
"30"

127.0.0.1:6379> set age 20
QUEUED
127.0.0.1:6379> exec
(nil)
127.0.0.1:6379> get age
"30"

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