Maven手工管理项目

1.Maven手工管理简单项目

1. 创建需要管理的项目目录

SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:webapps switch$ mkdir maven-restaurant

SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:webapps switch$ cd maven-restaurant/

SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:maven-restaurant switch$

2. 使用mvn archetype:generate 参数，命令生成maven项目模板及pom.xml配置文件(这个生成的是web项目)

SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:maven-restaurant switch$ mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=com.netease.restaurant -DartifactId=Restaurant -Dpackage=com.netease -Dversion=1.0.0-SNAPSHOT -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-webapp

[INFO] Using property: groupId = com.netease.restaurant
[INFO] Using property: artifactId = Restaurant
[INFO] Using property: version = 1.0.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] Using property: package = com.netease
Confirm properties configuration:
groupId: com.netease.restaurant
artifactId: Restaurant
version: 1.0.0-SNAPSHOT

package: com.netease

Y: : y
[INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Using following parameters for creating project from Old (1.x) Archetype: maven-archetype-webapp:1.0
[INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Parameter: basedir, Value: /Users/switch/apache-tomcat-7.0.70/webapps/maven-restaurant
[INFO] Parameter: package, Value: com.netease
[INFO] Parameter: groupId, Value: com.netease.restaurant
[INFO] Parameter: artifactId, Value: Restaurant
[INFO] Parameter: packageName, Value: com.netease
[INFO] Parameter: version, Value: 1.0.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] project created from Old (1.x) Archetype in dir: /Users/switch/apache-tomcat-7.0.70/webapps/maven-restaurant/Restaurant
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 03:18 min
[INFO] Finished at: 2016-08-14T12:10:17+08:00
[INFO] Final Memory: 12M/236M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:maven-restaurant switch$ ls
Restaurant

SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:maven-restaurant switch$ 

目录视图

3. 在main目录下建立java目录，用于存放java文件

SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:maven-restaurant switch$ cd Restaurant/src/main/
SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:main switch$ mkdir java
SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:main switch$ ls
java resources webapp

SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:main switch$ 

4. 创建包结构

SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:main switch$ cd java/

SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:java switch$ mkdir -p com/netease
SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:java switch$ cd com/netease/
SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:netease switch$ ls

SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:netease switch$

5. 将java文件放入包中

SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:netease switch$ cp /Users/switch/apache-tomcat-7.0.70/webapps/NoodlesServlet.java .
SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:netease switch$ ls
NoodlesServlet.java

SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:netease switch$ 

6. 将web.xml文件替换成写好的，或者更改该文件，配置相应参数(这里替换)

SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:netease switch$ cp /Users/switch/apache-tomcat-7.0.70/webapps/web.xml /Users/switch/apache-tomcat-7.0.70/webapps/maven-restaurant/Restaurant/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/

SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:netease switch$ 

7. 修改pom.xml配置文件

加入servlet依赖，在<dependencies>元素下加入(注意：依赖组件有可能版本更新了，因为我配置了阿里云仓库，所以到 http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/#view-repositories;central~browsestorage去找相应配置)

    <dependency>      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>      <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>      <version>4.0.0-b01</version>      <scope>provided</scope>    </dependency>

配置compiler与tomcat插件，方便调试，在<build>元素下加入

    <plugins>      <plugin>        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>        <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>        <configuration>          <source>1.6</source>          <target>1.6</target>          <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>        </configuration>      </plugin>      <plugin>        <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>        <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>        <version>2.2</version>        <configuration>          <uriEncoding>UTF-8</uriEncoding>          <finalName>Restaurant</finalName>          <server>tomcat</server>        </configuration>      </plugin>    </plugins>

8. 启动一个嵌入的Tomcat实例(注意：必须要到配置好了的项目的目录去使用命令，否则启动失败)

SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:Restaurant switch$ pwd

/Users/switch/apache-tomcat-7.0.70/webapps/maven-restaurant/Restaurant

SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:Restaurant switch$ mvn tomcat7:run

[INFO] Scanning for projects...

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building Restaurant Maven Webapp 1.0.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] >>> tomcat7-maven-plugin:2.2:run (default-cli) > process-classes @ Restaurant >>>
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ Restaurant ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (UTF-8 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Copying 0 resource
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ Restaurant ---
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
[INFO]
[INFO] <<< tomcat7-maven-plugin:2.2:run (default-cli) < process-classes @ Restaurant <<<
[INFO]
[INFO] --- tomcat7-maven-plugin:2.2:run (default-cli) @ Restaurant ---
[INFO] Running war on http://localhost:8080/Restaurant
[INFO] Using existing Tomcat server configuration at /Users/switch/apache-tomcat-7.0.70/webapps/maven-restaurant/Restaurant/target/tomcat
[INFO] create webapp with contextPath: /Restaurant
八月 14, 2016 1:04:20 下午 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol init
信息: Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-8080"]
八月 14, 2016 1:04:20 下午 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService startInternal
信息: Starting service Tomcat
八月 14, 2016 1:04:20 下午 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine startInternal

信息: Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/7.0.47

八月 14, 2016 1:04:23 下午 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol star

信息: Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-8080"]

2.Maven手工管理多模块项目(以上面为基础)

1. 使用mvn archetype:generate 参数，命令生成maven项目模板及pom.xml配置文件(这个生成的是java项目)

SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:maven-restaurant switch$ mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=com.netease.restaurant -DartifactId=Kitchen -Dpackage=com.netease -Dversion=1.0.0-SNAPSHOT -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-quickstart

[INFO] Scanning for projects...

[INFO] Using property: groupId = com.netease.restaurant
[INFO] Using property: artifactId = Kitchen
[INFO] Using property: version = 1.0.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] Using property: package = com.netease
Confirm properties configuration:
groupId: com.netease.restaurant
artifactId: Kitchen
version: 1.0.0-SNAPSHOT
package: com.netease
 Y: : y
[INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Using following parameters for creating project from Old (1.x) Archetype: maven-archetype-quickstart:1.0
[INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Parameter: basedir, Value: /Users/switch/apache-tomcat-7.0.70/webapps/maven-restaurant
[INFO] Parameter: package, Value: com.netease
[INFO] Parameter: groupId, Value: com.netease.restaurant
[INFO] Parameter: artifactId, Value: Kitchen
[INFO] Parameter: packageName, Value: com.netease
[INFO] Parameter: version, Value: 1.0.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] project created from Old (1.x) Archetype in dir: /Users/switch/apache-tomcat-7.0.70/webapps/maven-restaurant/Kitchen
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 42.796 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2016-08-14T20:25:26+08:00
[INFO] Final Memory: 17M/309M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:maven-restaurant switch$ ls
Kitchen Restaurant

SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:maven-restaurant switch$ 

目录结构

2. 创建resource目录

SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:maven-restaurant switch$ cd Kitchen/src/main/
SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:main switch$ mkdir resources
SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:main switch$ ls
java resources

SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:main switch$

3. 创建一个pom.xml管理多个项目

SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:main switch$ cd ../../../
SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:maven-restaurant switch$ ls
Kitchen Restaurant
SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:maven-restaurant switch$ touch pom.xml

SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:maven-restaurant switch$ 

4. 配置这个pom.xml文件(添加两个项目(模块))

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>  <groupId>com.netease.restaurant</groupId>  <artifactId>restaurant-parent</artifactId>  <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>  <packaging>pom</packaging>  <name> Multi modules demp </name>  <modules>      <module>Restaurant</module>      <module>Kitchen</module>  </modules></project>

5. 配置这两个项目的pom.xml文件(和上面配置的那个pom.xml做依赖)

都要在<url>元素后面插入

  <parent>    <groupId>com.netease.restaurant</groupId>    <artifactId>restaurant-parent</artifactId>    <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>    <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath>  </parent>

6. 配置Restaurant项目对Kitchen项目的依赖

在Restaurant项目的pom.xml文件中<dependencies>元素下加入

    <dependency>        <groupId>com.netease.restaurant</groupId>        <artifactId>Kitchen</artifactId>        <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>    </dependency>

7. 将包安装到本地仓库，让其他项目进行依赖

SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:maven-restaurant switch$ mvn install

[INFO] Reactor Summary:
[INFO]
[INFO] Multi modules demp ................................. SUCCESS [  0.695 s]
[INFO] Kitchen ............................................ SUCCESS [  7.628 s]
[INFO] Restaurant Maven Webapp ............................ SUCCESS [  2.142 s]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 10.750 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2016-08-14T21:04:34+08:00
[INFO] Final Memory: 21M/305M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:maven-restaurant switch$ 

8. 启动一个嵌入的Tomcat实例(注意：必须要到配置好了的项目的目录去使用命令，否则启动失败)

SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:maven-restaurant switch$ cd Restaurant/
SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:Restaurant switch$ mvn tomcat7:run

[INFO] Scanning for projects...

...

[INFO] create webapp with contextPath: /Restaurant
八月 14, 2016 9:07:01 下午 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol init
信息: Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-8080"]
八月 14, 2016 9:07:01 下午 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService startInternal
信息: Starting service Tomcat
八月 14, 2016 9:07:01 下午 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine startInternal
信息: Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/7.0.47
八月 14, 2016 9:07:06 下午 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start

信息: Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-8080"]

实战：对Restaurant项目进行功能扩展，添加log4j实现日志管理，使用Maven管理对log4j的依赖

1. 在该项目的pom.xml文件中的<dependencies>元素里添加

    <dependency>      <groupId>log4j</groupId>      <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>      <version>1.2.9</version>    </dependency>

2. 配置log4j.properties文件，在项目主目录下的src目录下的resources目录，添加log4j.properties文件，并加入

#定义INFO优先级,R为日志输出目的地log4j.rootLogger=INFO,R#设置日志输入类型为文件类型log4j.appender.R=org.apache.log4j.FileAppender#设置日志文件名log4j.appender.R.file=my.log#每次在文件尾写入新的日志信息log4j.appender.R.Append=true#日志输出信息格式类型log4j.appender.R.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout#日志输出信息格式为 换行、日期、优先级、[类名]、日志信息、换行log4j.appender.R.layout.ConversionPattern=%n%d%p[%c]-%m%n

3. 在java代码中加入

package com.netease;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.PrintWriter;import java.util.Date;import javax.servlet.ServletException;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;// 以下两条是加入的import org.apache.log4j.Logger;import org.apache.log4j.PropertyConfigurator;import com.netease.Kitchen;public class NoodlesServlet extends HttpServlet {    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {        PrintWriter writer = response.getWriter();        String vegetable = request.getParameter("vegetable");        // 以下是加入的        // 使用Log4j，记录日志        // 创建日志对象        Logger log = Logger.getLogger(NoodlesServlet.class);        // 记录日志        log.info("这次加入的蔬菜是：" + vegetable);        String noodles = Kitchen.makeNoodles(vegetable);        writer.println(noodles);    }}

PS：配置，运行mvn tomcat7:run(注意，该项目是多模块项目)，访问之后，项目主目录的日志文件，内容如下：

2016-08-16 12:03:56,562INFO[com.netease.NoodlesServlet]-这次加入的蔬菜是：null

2016-08-16 12:04:38,452INFO[com.netease.NoodlesServlet]-这次加入的蔬菜是：Tomato

该博客所使用的项目的完整源代码(使用git克隆，使用Maven导入)：简单的多模块Maven项目(案例)

-----------参考log4j学习的一个小例子（构建maven工程)

-------------参考《网易云课堂.Java Web开发入门》