如果把MySQL及Tomcat打包到snap包中去
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Snap是一个在Ubuntu系统上一个新的技术.如果大家对这个技术还不是很理解的话,可以参阅文章"安装snap应用到Ubuntu 16.4桌面系统".我们知道MySQL及Tomcat是在Java服务器端常用的技术.那么我们怎么来把它打包到我们的snap应用中去呢?很多人可能以为这个很简单.我们可以直接在snapcraft.yaml中使用stage-package来安装现有的debian包,不就可以了吗?其实,由于在snap系统的安全性限制,在一个snap应用被成功安装后,它自己所在的目录是只读的,不可以写入任何的数据.我们只有规定的部分目录才是可以写入的.我们以hello例程为例,我们有如下的目录可以使用:
在上面,有两个最重要的目录:
- SNAP_DATA
- SNAP
在我们snap我们应用的时候,我们需要configure我们的应用尽量使用上面的两个目录,而不需要hard-code我们的目录.特别是由于我们的应用不能向自己的安装目录SNAP写入任何的数据(read-only),所以,我们必须把我们的数据库及需要写入数据的文件设置到SNAP_DATA目录中.另外必须注意的是,访问SNAP_DATA文件目录时需要root权限.这对于一个daemon的应用来说,应该没有问题,但是对于一般的应用来说,我们需要使用sudo来访问才可以访问到数据库.
1)snap Tomcat
在我们的snapcraft中有一个例程叫做"tomcat-webapp-demo".它提供了一个很好的基础.
snapcraft.yaml
name: tomcat-webapp-demoversion: 1.0architectures: - amd64summary: Demo of Tomcat-hosted Webappdescription: This is a demo snap of a Tomcat-hosted webapp produced by snapcraft with maven.confinement: strictapps: tomcat: command: bin/wrapper daemon: simple plugs: [network-bind]parts: webapp: plugin: maven source: https://github.com/lool/snappy-mvn-demo.git source-type: git tomcat: plugin: dump source: https://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.0.29/bin/apache-tomcat-8.0.29.tar.gz local-files: plugin: make source: .
wrapper
#!/bin/shset -eset -x# installation pathes are based of CATALINA_HOMEexport CATALINA_HOME="$SNAP"# writable pathes are based of CATALINA_BASEexport CATALINA_BASE="$SNAP_DATA"# create runtime datamkdir -p "$CATALINA_BASE/logs"mkdir -p "$CATALINA_BASE/temp"if ! [ -d $CATALINA_BASE/conf ]; thenecho "conf directory does not exist" cp -rd $CATALINA_HOME/tomcat-conf $CATALINA_BASE/conffiif ! [ -d $CATALINA_BASE/webapps ]; thenecho "webapps directory does not exist" cp -rd $CATALINA_HOME/webapps $CATALINA_BASE/ cp $CATALINA_HOME/war/*.war $CATALINA_BASE/webapps/fi$CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh run
从上面的代码中,我们可以看出来我们已经把我们所需要的目录用SNAP及SNAP_DATA来代替了.
2)snap MySQL
我们可以先看一下文章"Snapping Nextcloud: MySQL".从该文章中,我们可以看出来,直接通过stage-package的方式来snap MySQL是不可能的.我们可以直接编译MySQL源码的方式来snap MySQL.
snapcraft.yaml
# Download the boost headers for MySQL. Note that the version used may need to # be updated if the version of MySQL changes. boost: plugin: copy source: http://sourceforge.net/projects/boost/files/boost/1.59.0/boost_1_59_0.tar.gz files: '*': boost/ snap: - -* mysql: plugin: cmake source: https://github.com/kyrofa/mysql-server.git source-type: git source-branch: feature/support_no_setpriority after: [boost] configflags: - -DWITH_BOOST=$SNAPCRAFT_STAGE/boost - -DWITH_INNODB_PAGE_CLEANER_PRIORITY=OFF - -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/ - -DBUILD_CONFIG=mysql_release - -DWITH_UNIT_TESTS=OFF - -DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=OFF - -DWITH_EMBEDDED_SHARED_LIBRARY=OFF - -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=OFF - -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=OFF - -DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=OFF - -DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=OFF - -DINSTALL_MYSQLTESTDIR= build-packages: - wget - g++ - cmake - bison - libncurses5-dev - libaio-dev stage: # Remove scripts that we'll be replacing with our own - -support-files/mysql.server snap: # Remove scripts that we'll be replacing with our own - -support-files/mysql.server # Remove unused binaries that waste space - -bin/innochecksum - -bin/lz4_decompress - -bin/myisam* - -bin/mysqladmin - -bin/mysqlbinlog - -bin/mysql_client_test - -bin/mysql_config* - -bin/mysqld_multi - -bin/mysqldump* - -bin/mysqlimport - -bin/mysql_install_db - -bin/mysql_plugin - -bin/mysqlpump - -bin/mysql_secure_installation - -bin/mysqlshow - -bin/mysqlslap - -bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup - -bin/mysqltest - -bin/mysql_tzinfo_to_sql - -bin/perror - -bin/replace - -bin/resolveip - -bin/resolve_stack_dump - -bin/zlib_decompress # Copy over our MySQL scripts mysql-customizations: plugin: copy files: # This one is what creates the initial database and account for ownCloud. src/mysql/start_mysql: bin/ src/mysql/my.cnf: my.cnf src/mysql/mysql.server: support-files/ sample.war: war/sample.war mysql-connector-java-6.0.3.jar: lib/mysql-connector-java-6.0.3.jar
由于编译MySQL时需要用到boost库,所以直接把boost库的源码下载下来,当然,在我们snap时,我们并不需要它,所以:
snap: - -*
src/mysql/my.cnf
[mysqld]user=rootmax_allowed_packet=100Msecure-file-priv=NULLport=3306bind-address=0.0.0.0[client]protocol=tcp
在这里,我们配置了所需要的port号码及使用的协议TCP.这样我们的数据库可以位于任何一个单独的服务器中(我们可以修改这里的bind-address).在我们的设计中,MySQL的数据库位于本机.这样当我们的MySQL服务器运行时,可以看到:
liuxg@liuxg:~$ netstat -lnp46 | grep -w 3306(Not all processes could be identified, non-owned process info will not be shown, you would have to be root to see it all.)tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN -
src/mysql/mysql.server
这个文件是我们在我们的下面的start_mysql的脚本中被使用的:$SNAP/support-files/mysql.server start
该脚本的内容如下:
#!/bin/sh# Copyright Abandoned 1996 TCX DataKonsult AB & Monty Program KB & Detron HB# This file is public domain and comes with NO WARRANTY of any kind# MySQL daemon start/stop script.# Usually this is put in /etc/init.d (at least on machines SYSV R4 based# systems) and linked to /etc/rc3.d/S99mysql and /etc/rc0.d/K01mysql.# When this is done the mysql server will be started when the machine is# started and shut down when the systems goes down.# Comments to support chkconfig on RedHat Linux# chkconfig: 2345 64 36# description: A very fast and reliable SQL database engine.# Comments to support LSB init script conventions### BEGIN INIT INFO# Provides: mysql# Required-Start: $local_fs $network $remote_fs# Should-Start: ypbind nscd ldap ntpd xntpd# Required-Stop: $local_fs $network $remote_fs# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5# Default-Stop: 0 1 6# Short-Description: start and stop MySQL# Description: MySQL is a very fast and reliable SQL database engine.### END INIT INFO # If you install MySQL on some other places than /, then you# have to do one of the following things for this script to work:## - Run this script from within the MySQL installation directory# - Create a /etc/my.cnf file with the following information:# [mysqld]# basedir=<path-to-mysql-installation-directory># - Add the above to any other configuration file (for example ~/.my.ini)# and copy my_print_defaults to /usr/bin# - Add the path to the mysql-installation-directory to the basedir variable# below.## If you want to affect other MySQL variables, you should make your changes# in the /etc/my.cnf, ~/.my.cnf or other MySQL configuration files.# If you change base dir, you must also change datadir. These may get# overwritten by settings in the MySQL configuration files.basedir=$SNAPdatadir=$SNAP_DATA/mysql# Default value, in seconds, afterwhich the script should timeout waiting# for server start. # Value here is overriden by value in my.cnf. # 0 means don't wait at all# Negative numbers mean to wait indefinitelyservice_startup_timeout=900# Lock directory for RedHat / SuSE.lockdir="$SNAP_DATA/mysql/lock"lock_file_path="$lockdir/mysql"# The following variables are only set for letting mysql.server find things.# Set some defaultsmysqld_pid_file_path=if test -z "$basedir"then basedir=/ bindir=//bin if test -z "$datadir" then datadir=//data fi sbindir=//bin libexecdir=//binelse bindir="$basedir/bin" if test -z "$datadir" then datadir="$basedir/data" fi sbindir="$basedir/sbin" libexecdir="$basedir/libexec"fi# datadir_set is used to determine if datadir was set (and so should be# *not* set inside of the --basedir= handler.)datadir_set=## Use LSB init script functions for printing messages, if possible#lsb_functions="/lib/lsb/init-functions"if test -f $lsb_functions ; then . $lsb_functionselse log_success_msg() { echo " SUCCESS! $@" } log_failure_msg() { echo " ERROR! $@" }fiPATH="/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin:$basedir/bin"export PATHmode=$1 # start or stop[ $# -ge 1 ] && shiftother_args="$*" # uncommon, but needed when called from an RPM upgrade action # Expected: "--skip-networking --skip-grant-tables" # They are not checked here, intentionally, as it is the resposibility # of the "spec" file author to give correct arguments only.case `echo "testing\c"`,`echo -n testing` in *c*,-n*) echo_n= echo_c= ;; *c*,*) echo_n=-n echo_c= ;; *) echo_n= echo_c='\c' ;;esacparse_server_arguments() { for arg do case "$arg" in --basedir=*) basedir=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'` bindir="$basedir/bin" if test -z "$datadir_set"; then datadir="$basedir/data" fi sbindir="$basedir/sbin" libexecdir="$basedir/libexec" ;; --datadir=*) datadir=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'` datadir_set=1;; --pid-file=*) mysqld_pid_file_path=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'` ;; --service-startup-timeout=*) service_startup_timeout=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'` ;; esac done}wait_for_pid () { verb="$1" # created | removed pid="$2" # process ID of the program operating on the pid-file pid_file_path="$3" # path to the PID file. i=0 avoid_race_condition="by checking again" while test $i -ne $service_startup_timeout ; do case "$verb" in 'created') # wait for a PID-file to pop into existence. test -s "$pid_file_path" && i='' && break ;; 'removed') # wait for this PID-file to disappear test ! -s "$pid_file_path" && i='' && break ;; *) echo "wait_for_pid () usage: wait_for_pid created|removed pid pid_file_path" exit 1 ;; esac # if server isn't running, then pid-file will never be updated if test -n "$pid"; then if kill -0 "$pid" 2>/dev/null; then : # the server still runs else # The server may have exited between the last pid-file check and now. if test -n "$avoid_race_condition"; then avoid_race_condition="" continue # Check again. fi # there's nothing that will affect the file. log_failure_msg "The server quit without updating PID file ($pid_file_path)." return 1 # not waiting any more. fi fi echo $echo_n ".$echo_c" i=`expr $i + 1` sleep 1 done if test -z "$i" ; then log_success_msg return 0 else log_failure_msg return 1 fi}# Get arguments from the my.cnf file,# the only group, which is read from now on is [mysqld]if test -x ./bin/my_print_defaultsthen print_defaults="./bin/my_print_defaults"elif test -x $bindir/my_print_defaultsthen print_defaults="$bindir/my_print_defaults"elif test -x $bindir/mysql_print_defaultsthen print_defaults="$bindir/mysql_print_defaults"else # Try to find basedir in /etc/my.cnf conf=/etc/my.cnf print_defaults= if test -r $conf then subpat='^[^=]*basedir[^=]*=\(.*\)$' dirs=`sed -e "/$subpat/!d" -e 's//\1/' $conf` for d in $dirs do d=`echo $d | sed -e 's/[ ]//g'` if test -x "$d/bin/my_print_defaults" then print_defaults="$d/bin/my_print_defaults" break fi if test -x "$d/bin/mysql_print_defaults" then print_defaults="$d/bin/mysql_print_defaults" break fi done fi # Hope it's in the PATH ... but I doubt it test -z "$print_defaults" && print_defaults="my_print_defaults"fi## Read defaults file from 'basedir'. If there is no defaults file there# check if it's in the old (depricated) place (datadir) and read it from there#extra_args=""if test -r "$basedir/my.cnf"then extra_args="-e $basedir/my.cnf"else if test -r "$datadir/my.cnf" then extra_args="-e $datadir/my.cnf" fifiparse_server_arguments `$print_defaults $extra_args mysqld server mysql_server mysql.server`## Set pid file if not given#if test -z "$mysqld_pid_file_path"then mysqld_pid_file_path=$datadir/`hostname`.pidelse case "$mysqld_pid_file_path" in /* ) ;; * ) mysqld_pid_file_path="$datadir/$mysqld_pid_file_path" ;; esacficase "$mode" in 'start') # Start daemon # Safeguard (relative paths, core dumps..) cd $basedir echo $echo_n "Starting MySQL" if test -x $bindir/mysqld_safe then # Give extra arguments to mysqld with the my.cnf file. This script # may be overwritten at next upgrade. $bindir/mysqld_safe --datadir="$datadir" --pid-file="$mysqld_pid_file_path" --lc-messages-dir="$SNAP/share" $other_args >/dev/null 2>&1 & wait_for_pid created "$!" "$mysqld_pid_file_path"; return_value=$? # Make lock for RedHat / SuSE if test -w "$lockdir" then touch "$lock_file_path" fi exit $return_value else log_failure_msg "Couldn't find MySQL server ($bindir/mysqld_safe)" fi ;; 'stop') # Stop daemon. We use a signal here to avoid having to know the # root password. if test -s "$mysqld_pid_file_path" then # signal mysqld_safe that it needs to stop touch "$mysqld_pid_file_path.shutdown" mysqld_pid=`cat "$mysqld_pid_file_path"` if (kill -0 $mysqld_pid 2>/dev/null) then echo $echo_n "Shutting down MySQL" kill $mysqld_pid # mysqld should remove the pid file when it exits, so wait for it. wait_for_pid removed "$mysqld_pid" "$mysqld_pid_file_path"; return_value=$? else log_failure_msg "MySQL server process #$mysqld_pid is not running!" rm "$mysqld_pid_file_path" fi # Delete lock for RedHat / SuSE if test -f "$lock_file_path" then rm -f "$lock_file_path" fi exit $return_value else log_failure_msg "MySQL server PID file could not be found!" fi ;; 'restart') # Stop the service and regardless of whether it was # running or not, start it again. if $0 stop $other_args; then $0 start $other_args else log_failure_msg "Failed to stop running server, so refusing to try to start." exit 1 fi ;; 'reload'|'force-reload') if test -s "$mysqld_pid_file_path" ; then read mysqld_pid < "$mysqld_pid_file_path" kill -HUP $mysqld_pid && log_success_msg "Reloading service MySQL" touch "$mysqld_pid_file_path" else log_failure_msg "MySQL PID file could not be found!" exit 1 fi ;; 'status') # First, check to see if pid file exists if test -s "$mysqld_pid_file_path" ; then read mysqld_pid < "$mysqld_pid_file_path" if kill -0 $mysqld_pid 2>/dev/null ; then log_success_msg "MySQL running ($mysqld_pid)" exit 0 else log_failure_msg "MySQL is not running, but PID file exists" exit 1 fi else # Try to find appropriate mysqld process mysqld_pid=`pidof $libexecdir/mysqld` # test if multiple pids exist pid_count=`echo $mysqld_pid | wc -w` if test $pid_count -gt 1 ; then log_failure_msg "Multiple MySQL running but PID file could not be found ($mysqld_pid)" exit 5 elif test -z $mysqld_pid ; then if test -f "$lock_file_path" ; then log_failure_msg "MySQL is not running, but lock file ($lock_file_path) exists" exit 2 fi log_failure_msg "MySQL is not running" exit 3 else log_failure_msg "MySQL is running but PID file could not be found" exit 4 fi fi ;; *) # usage basename=`basename "$0"` echo "Usage: $basename {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status} [ MySQL server options ]" exit 1 ;;esacexit 0
这个脚本的内容其实和标准的从MySQL编译后的脚本没有什么大的差别.除了如下的地方发生改变:
basedir=$SNAPdatadir=$SNAP_DATA/mysql
src/mysql/start_mysql
这是一个我们需要的脚本来真正启动我们的MySQL服务器:
mysql: command: start_mysql stop-command: support-files/mysql.server stop daemon: simple plugs: [network, network-bind]
#!/bin/shroot_option_file="$SNAP_DATA/mysql/root.ini"demouser_password_file="$SNAP_DATA/mysql/demouser_password"mysqld_pid_file_path=$SNAP_DATA/mysql/`hostname`.pid#mysql_socket_file_path=$SNAP_DATA/mysql/mysql.socknew_install=false# Make sure the database is initialized (this is safe to run if already# initialized)mysqld --initialize-insecure --basedir="$SNAP" --datadir="$SNAP_DATA/mysql" --lc-messages-dir="$SNAP/share"# If the above command succeeded, it means this is a new installation.if [ $? -eq 0 ]; thenecho "it is new install"new_install=truefi# Start mysql$SNAP/support-files/mysql.server start# Initialize new installation if necessary.if [ $new_install = true ]; then# Generate a password for the root mysql user.echo -n "Generating root mysql password... "root_password="123"echo "done."# Generate a password for the owncloud mysql user.echo -n "Generating owncloud mysql password... "demouser_password="123"echo "done."# Save root user informationecho "writing client"echo "[client]" >> $root_option_fileecho "writing user=root"echo "user=root" >> $root_option_filechmod 600 $root_option_fileecho "dump the root option file"cat $root_option_file# Now set everything up in one step:# 1) Set the root user's password# 2) Create the 'demouser' user# 3) Create the 'demodb' database# 4) Grant the 'demodb' user privileges on the 'demodb' databaseecho -n "Setting up users and owncloud database... "mysql --defaults-file=$root_option_file <<SQLALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '$root_password';CREATE USER 'demouser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '$demouser_password';CREATE DATABASE demodb;GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON demodb.* TO 'demouser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '$demouser_password';USE demodb;create table Employees ( id int not null, age int not null, first varchar (255), last varchar (255) );INSERT INTO Employees VALUES (100, 18, 'Zara', 'Ali');INSERT INTO Employees VALUES (101, 25, 'Mahnaz', 'Fatma'); INSERT INTO Employees VALUES (102, 30, 'Zaid', 'Khan');INSERT INTO Employees VALUES (103, 28, 'Sumit', 'Mittal');SQLif [ $? -eq 0 ]; thenecho "done."elseecho "Failed to initialize-- reverting..."$SNAP/support-files/mysql.server stoprm -rf $SNAP_DATA/mysql/*fi# Now the root mysql user has a password. Save that as well.echo "writing root password"echo "password=$root_password" >> $root_option_filefi# Wait here until mysql is runningecho "Waiting for server..."#while [ ! -f "$mysqld_pid_file_path" -o ! -S "$mysql_socket_file_path" ]; dowhile [ ! -f "$mysqld_pid_file_path" -o ]; dosleep 1done# Check and upgrade mysql tables if necessary. This will return 0 if the upgrade# succeeded, in which case we need to restart mysql.echo "Checking/upgrading mysql tables if necessary..."mysql_upgrade --defaults-file=$root_option_fileif [ $? -eq 0 ]; thenecho "Restarting mysql server after upgrade..."$SNAP/support-files/mysql.server restartecho "Waiting for server to come back after upgrade..."#while [ ! -f "$mysqld_pid_file_path" -o ! -S "$mysql_socket_file_path" ]; dowhile [ ! -f "$mysqld_pid_file_path" -o ]; do sleep 1donefi# If this was a new installation, wait until the server is all up and running# before saving off the owncloud user's password. This way the presence of the# file can be used as a signal that mysql is ready to be used.if [ $new_install = true ]; thenecho "$demouser_password" > $demouser_password_filefi# Wait here until mysql exits (turn a forking service into simple). This is# only needed for Ubuntu Core 15.04, as 16.04 supports forking services.mysqld_pid=$(cat "$mysqld_pid_file_path")while kill -0 $mysqld_pid 2>/dev/null; dosleep 1done
我们在table中也创建了几个记录.在这里也请大家注意,我hard-code了数据库的密码"123".这个密码在我们以后的数据库访问中需要用到.注意我们在这里已经创建了两个用户,一个叫做root,另外一个叫做demouser.
mysql --defaults-file=$root_option_file <<SQLALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '$root_password';CREATE USER 'demouser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '$demouser_password';CREATE DATABASE demodb;GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON demodb.* TO 'demouser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '$demouser_password';USE demodb;create table Employees ( id int not null, age int not null, first varchar (255), last varchar (255) );INSERT INTO Employees VALUES (100, 18, 'Zara', 'Ali');INSERT INTO Employees VALUES (101, 25, 'Mahnaz', 'Fatma'); INSERT INTO Employees VALUES (102, 30, 'Zaid', 'Khan');INSERT INTO Employees VALUES (103, 28, 'Sumit', 'Mittal');SQL
如何调用MySQL命令行
我们在snapcraft.yaml文档中,定义了如下的command:
mysql-client: command: mysql --defaults-file=$SNAP_DATA/mysql/root.ini --protocol=TCP plugs: [network, network-bind]
由于在MySQL的命令行中需要访问到数据库,需要root权限.我们可以通过su命令进入到root用户:
我们可以通过运行我们定义的命令来启动MySQL客户端.通过这个命令,我们可以创建我们的数据等操作.
3)JSP 数据库访问
最后,我们需要一个JSP的程序来访问我们的数据库.我们的设计如下:
index.jsp
<%@ page import="java.sql.*"%><html><head><title>JDBC Connection example</title></head><body><h1>JDBC Connection example</h1><% String user = "demouser"; String password = "123"; try { java.sql.Connection con; Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"); con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/demodb", user, password); out.println (user + " account opens database successfully opened."); String query="select * from Employees"; Statement stmt=con.createStatement();ResultSet rs=stmt.executeQuery(query);%> <br /> <h3>The data read from database is:</h3> <br /> <table border="2"><tr><td>Id</td><td>Age</td><td>First</td><td>Last</td></tr><%while(rs.next()){%><tr><td><%=rs.getInt("id")%></td><td><%=rs.getInt("age")%></td><td><%=rs.getString("first")%></td><td><%=rs.getString("last")%></td></tr><%}%></table><% // close the connection rs.close(); stmt.close(); con.close(); } catch(SQLException e) { out.println("SQLException caught: " +e.getMessage()); }%></body></html>
最终打包我们的应用,并部署我们的应用.我们可以看到最终的结果为:
在实际的使用中,我们也可以把我们已经开发好的war包放入到我们的tomcat的目录中:
mysql-customizations: plugin: copy files: # This one is what creates the initial database and account for ownCloud. src/mysql/start_mysql: bin/ src/mysql/my.cnf: my.cnf src/mysql/mysql.server: support-files/ sample.war: war/sample.war mysql-connector-java-6.0.3.jar: lib/mysql-connector-java-6.0.3.jar
我们的源码位于:https://github.com/liu-xiao-guo/tomcat-maven-webapp
更多关于snap的介绍,可以参阅文章"安装snap应用到Ubuntu 16.4桌面系统"
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