[Android]使用AIDL进行进程间通信

本文介绍IPC通信机制中的AIDL方式的实现。

Binder是Android中的一个类，它是Android中虚拟的一个硬件设备，驱动是/dev/binder。我们可以理解为Android中专有的用于进程间通信的设备。

下面实现一个基于AIDL进程间通信的实例。

代码结构如下：

其中：
MainActivity.java是我们的测试界面；
User.java是user类；
User.aidl和IUserManager.aidl是按照AIDL规范定义的接口；
IBinderService.java是service类。

代码实现的功能就是要实现一个用户的注册和登陆功能。
这里直接贴出代码了：

//MainActivity.javapackage string.pub;import java.util.Date;import string.pub.binder.IUserManager;import string.pub.binder.User;import android.app.Activity;import android.content.ComponentName;import android.content.Context;import android.content.Intent;import android.content.ServiceConnection;import android.os.Bundle;import android.os.IBinder;import android.os.RemoteException;import android.view.View;import android.widget.Button;import android.widget.LinearLayout;import android.widget.TextView;public class MainActivity extends Activity {    TextView tv;    @Override    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);        LinearLayout ll=new LinearLayout(this);         tv=new TextView(this);        final StringBuilder sb=new StringBuilder();        Button addUser=new Button(this);        addUser.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {            @Override            public void onClick(View v) {                // TODO Auto-generated method stub                User temp=new User();                temp.userName="U123";                temp.pwd="123";                temp.sex=1;                temp.name="temp"+(new Date()).getSeconds();        try {                if(userBinder.register(temp)){                tv.append(temp.toString()+"add user success\n");            }            } catch (RemoteException e) {                // TODO Auto-generated catch block                e.printStackTrace();            }        }    });    addUser.setText("addUser");    Button loginUser=new Button(this);    loginUser.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {            @Override            public void onClick(View v) {                // TODO Auto-generated method stub                User temp=new User();                temp.userName="U123";                try {                    if(userBinder.login(temp)){                        tv.append(temp.toString()+"login user success\n");                    }                } catch (RemoteException e) {                    // TODO Auto-generated catch block                    e.printStackTrace();                }            }        });        loginUser.setText("loginUser");        ll.addView(loginUser);        ll.addView(addUser);        ll.addView(tv);        setContentView(ll);    bindService(new Intent("string.pub.action.Binder"), conn, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);    }    IUserManager userBinder;    ServiceConnection conn=new ServiceConnection() {        @Override        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {            // TODO Auto-generated method stub        }        @Override        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {            // TODO Auto-generated method stub            userBinder=IUserManager.Stub.asInterface(service);        }    };}

//User.javapackage string.pub.binder;import android.os.Parcel;import android.os.Parcelable;public class User implements Parcelable{    public String userName;    public String pwd;    public int sex;    public String name;    @Override    public int describeContents() {        // TODO Auto-generated method stub        return 0;    }    @Override    public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) {        // TODO Auto-generated method stub        dest.writeString(userName);        dest.writeString(pwd);        dest.writeInt(sex);        dest.writeString(name);    }public static final Parcelable.Creator<User> CREATOR=new Creator<User>() {        @Override        public User[] newArray(int size) {            // TODO Auto-generated method stub            return new User[size];        }        @Override        public User createFromParcel(Parcel source) {            // TODO Auto-generated method stub            User result=new User();            result.userName=source.readString();            result.pwd=source.readString();            result.sex=source.readInt();            result.name=source.readString();            return result;        }    };    @Override    public String toString() {        return "UserBean [userName=" + userName + ", pwd=" + pwd + ", sex="                + sex + ", name=" + name + "]";    }}

    // IUserManager.aidl    package string.pub.binder;    import string.pub.binder.User;    interface IUserManager{     boolean register(in User u);     boolean login(in User u);     boolean modified(in User u);    }

//User.aidlpackage string.pub.binder;parcelable User; 

    //IBinderService.java    package string.pub.service;    import java.util.ArrayList;    import string.pub.binder.IUserManager;    import string.pub.binder.User;    import android.app.Service;    import android.content.Intent;    import android.os.IBinder;    import android.os.RemoteException;    public class IBinderService extends Service {        ArrayList<User> listUser=new ArrayList<User>();        @Override        public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {            // TODO Auto-generated method stub            return userBinder;        }        IBinder userBinder=new IUserManager.Stub(){            @Override            public boolean register(User u) throws RemoteException {                // TODO Auto-generated method stub                return listUser.add(u);            }            @Override            public boolean login(User u) throws RemoteException {                // TODO Auto-generated method stub                for(int i=0;i<listUser.size();i++){                    if((listUser.get(i)).userName.equals(u.userName)){                        return true;                    }                }                return false;            }            @Override            public boolean modified(User u) throws RemoteException {                // TODO Auto-generated method stub                for(int i=0;i<listUser.size();i++){                    User temp=new User();                    if((temp=listUser.get(i)).userName.equals(u.userName)){                        listUser.remove(temp);                        listUser.add(u);                        return true;                    }                }                return false;            }        };    }

    //AndroidManifest.xml    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>    <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"        package="string.pub"        android:versionCode="1"        android:versionName="1.0" >        <uses-sdk            android:minSdkVersion="14"            android:targetSdkVersion="21" />        <application            android:allowBackup="true"            android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"            android:label="@string/app_name"            android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >            <activity                android:name=".MainActivity"                android:label="@string/app_name" >                <intent-filter>                    <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />                    <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />                </intent-filter>            </activity>            <service android:name="string.pub.service.IBinderService" android:process=":remote">                <intent-filter >                    <action android:name="string.pub.action.Binder"/>                </intent-filter>            </service>        </application>    </manifest>

实现效果如下所示：

可以看到，实进程间通信功能。