转自：https://www.skyfox.org/ios-url-request-cookie.html
当你访问一个网站时，NSURLRequest都会帮你主动记录下来你访问的站点设置的cookie，如果 Cookie 存在的话，会把这些信息放在 NSHTTPCookieStorage 容器中共享，当你下次再访问这个站点时，NSURLRequest会拿着上次保存下来了的cookie继续去请求。
同样适用于ASIHTTPRequest,AFNetworking, Webview等,cookie常用于一些基于认证的网络请求
认识下NSHTTPCookieStorage
NSHTTPCookieStorage 实现了一个管理cookie的单例对象(只有一个实例)，每个cookie都是NSHTTPCookie类的实例，最为一个规则，cookie在所有应用之间共享并在不同进程之间保持同步。Session cookie(一个isSessionOnly方法返回YES的cookie)只能在单一进程中使用。
Cookie
Cookie是由服务器端生成，发送给User-Agent（一般是浏览器或者客户端），浏览器会将Cookie的key/value保存到某个目录下的文本文件内，下次请求同一网站地址时就发送该Cookie给服务器
HTTP header
HTTP header中包含HTTP请求与响应的操作参数. header属性定义了所传输数据的各种特性. header属性以属性名开始,以冒号结尾,最后是属性值.属性名及值会因应用的不同
一.iOS htttp网络请求cookie的读取与写入:
1.原生NSURLConnection写法
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一.获取cookie
-(IBAction)cookieTouched:(id)sender{
NSURL*url =[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://api.skyfox.org/api-test.php"];
NSURLRequest*request =[NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url]
cachePolicy:NSURLRequestReloadIgnoringLocalAndRemoteCacheData
timeoutInterval:3];
NSOperationQueue*queue =[[NSOperationQueuealloc]init];
[NSURLConnection sendAsynchronousRequest:request
queue:queue
completionHandler:^(NSURLResponse*response,NSData *data,NSError *error){
//转换NSURLResponse成为HTTPResponse
NSHTTPURLResponse *HTTPResponse =(NSHTTPURLResponse*)response;
//获取headerfields
NSDictionary *fields= [HTTPResponseallHeaderFields];//原生NSURLConnection写法
// NSDictionary *fields = [operation.response allHeaderFields]; //afnetworking写法
NSLog(@"fields = %@",[fieldsdescription]);
//获取cookie方法1
// NSArray *cookies = [NSHTTPCookie cookiesWithResponseHeaderFields:fields forURL:url];
//获取cookie方法2
//NSString *cookieString = [[HTTPResponse allHeaderFields] valueForKey:@"Set-Cookie"];
//获取cookie方法3
NSHTTPCookieStorage *cookieJar =[NSHTTPCookieStoragesharedHTTPCookieStorage];
for (NSHTTPCookie*cookie in[cookieJar cookies]){
NSLog(@"cookie%@",cookie);
}
}];
}
2.AFNetworking 写法
[[APIClientsharedClient] postPath:@"http://api.skyfox.org/api-test.php" parameters:p success:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation*operation,id JSON){
NSDictionary*fields =[operation.responseallHeaderFields];//afnetworking写法
NSLog(@"fields = %@",[fieldsdescription]);
NSURL*url =[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://api.skyfox.org/api-test.php"];
//获取cookie方法1
NSArray*cookies =[NSHTTPCookie cookiesWithResponseHeaderFields:fields forURL:url];
//获取cookie方法2
//NSString *cookieString = [[HTTPResponse allHeaderFields] valueForKey:@"Set-Cookie"];
} failure:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation*operation,NSError *error){
}];
二.清空cookie
NSHTTPCookieStorage*cookieJar =[NSHTTPCookieStoragesharedHTTPCookieStorage];
NSArray*cookieArray =[NSArray arrayWithArray:[cookieJarcookies]];
for(idobj incookieArray){
[cookieJar deleteCookie:obj];
}
三.手动设置Cookie 手动设置的Cookie不会自动持久化到沙盒
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第一次请求手动设置个cookie
-(void)test1:(NSString*)urlString{
NSURL*url =[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://api.skyfox.org/cookie.php"];
NSMutableURLRequest*request =[NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:url];
NSMutableDictionary*cookieProperties = [NSMutableDictionarydictionary];
[cookieProperties setObject:@"username" forKey:NSHTTPCookieName];
[cookieProperties setObject:@"my ios cookie" forKey:NSHTTPCookieValue];
[cookieProperties setObject:@"api.skyfox.org" forKey:NSHTTPCookieDomain];
[cookieProperties setObject:@"api.skyfox.org" forKey:NSHTTPCookieOriginURL];
[cookieProperties setObject:@"/" forKey:NSHTTPCookiePath];
[cookieProperties setObject:@"0" forKey:NSHTTPCookieVersion];
[cookieProperties setObject:[NSDate dateWithTimeIntervalSinceNow:60*60] forKey:NSHTTPCookieExpires];//设置失效时间
[cookieProperties setObject:@"0" forKey:NSHTTPCookieDiscard];//设置sessionOnly
NSHTTPCookie*cookie =[NSHTTPCookie cookieWithProperties:cookieProperties];
[[NSHTTPCookieStoragesharedHTTPCookieStorage] setCookie:cookie];
[self.myWebView loadRequest:request];
}
//第二次请求会自动带上cookie
-(IBAction)test2:(id)sender{
NSURL*url =[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://api.skyfox.org/cookie.php"];
NSMutableURLRequest*request =[NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:url];
[self.mywebview2 loadRequest:request];
}
request还可以这样设置个cookie
[request setHTTPShouldHandleCookies:YES];
[request setValue:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@=%@",[cookie name],[cookie value]] forHTTPHeaderField:@"Cookie"];
四.Cookie的持久化存储
1.服务器端设置Cookie，以PHP为例
语法
setcookie(name,value,expire,path,domain,secure)
参数 | 描述 | name必需。规定 cookie 的名称。value必需。规定 cookie 的值。expire可选。规定 cookie 的有效期。path可选。规定 cookie 的服务器路径。domain可选。规定 cookie 的域名。secure可选。规定是否通过安全的 HTTPS 连接来传输 cookie。
setcookie("TestCookie","my cookie value");//没设置失效时间 关闭app后系统不会持久化Cookie
setcookie("TestCookie","my cookie value"，time()+3600*24);//设置expire失效时间 关闭app后系统自动持久化Cookie
如果服务器设置了Cookie失效时间expiresDate ,sessionOnly:FALSE会被持久化到文件中，kill掉后系统自动保存，下次启动app会自动加载.binarycookies中的Cookies，以下是一条Cookie输出
<NSHTTPCookieversion:0name:"TestCookie"value:"my+cookie+value"expiresDate:2016-04-0809:31:09+0000created:2016-04-0809:30:49+0000sessionOnly:FALSEdomain:"api.skyfox.org"path:"/"isSecure:FALSE>
持久化到了文件中，地址是 沙盒的 /Library/Cookies/org.skyfox.AFNetworking-demo.binarycookies
使用BinaryCookieReader.py脚本 解析org.skyfox.AFNetworking-demo.binarycookies 结果如下
2.app端手动存储Cookie
如果没设置Cookie失效时间expiresDate:(null)，sessionOnly:true,kill掉后系统不会自动保存Cookie，如果想持久化Cookie 模仿浏览器存住Cookie，使用NSUserDefaults存下即可,以下是一条Cookie输出
<NSHTTPCookieversion:0name:"TestCookie"value:"my+cookie+value"expiresDate:(null)created:2016-04-0809:33:34+0000sessionOnly:TRUEdomain:"api.skyfox.org"path:"/"isSecure:FALSE>
手动保存
//合适的时机保存Cookie
-(void)saveCookies{
NSData*cookiesData =[NSKeyedArchiver archivedDataWithRootObject:[[NSHTTPCookieStoragesharedHTTPCookieStorage] cookies]];
NSUserDefaults*defaults =[NSUserDefaultsstandardUserDefaults];
[defaults setObject: cookiesData forKey:@"org.skyfox.cookie"];
[defaultssynchronize];
}
//合适的时机加载Cookie 一般都是app刚刚启动的时候
-(void)loadCookies{
NSArray*cookies =[NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchiveObjectWithData:[[NSUserDefaultsstandardUserDefaults] objectForKey:@"org.skyfox.cookie"]];
NSHTTPCookieStorage*cookieStorage = [NSHTTPCookieStoragesharedHTTPCookieStorage];
for(NSHTTPCookie*cookie incookies){
[cookieStorage setCookie: cookie];
}
}
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