转自:http://blog.csdn.net/caroline_wendy/article/details/50587230 感谢大神
Android 6.0版本(Api 23)推出了很多新的特性, 大幅提升了用户体验, 同时也为程序员带来新的负担. 动态权限管理就是这样, 一方面让用户更加容易的控制自己的隐私, 一方面需要重新适配应用权限. 时代总是不断发展, 程序总是以人为本, 让我们为应用添加动态权限管理吧! 这里提供了一个非常不错的解决方案.
Android系统包含默认的授权提示框, 但是我们仍需要设置自己的页面. 原因是系统提供的授权框, 会有不再提示的选项. 如果用户选择, 则无法触发授权提示. 使用自定义的提示页面, 可以给予用户手动修改授权的指导.
本文示例GitHub下载地址.
在Api 23中, 权限需要动态获取, 核心权限必须满足. 标准流程:
如果用户点击, 不再提示, 则系统授权弹窗将不会弹出. 流程变为:
流程就这些, 让我们看看代码吧.
1. 权限
在AndroidManifest中, 添加两个权限, 录音和修改音量
<!--危险权限--> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO"/> <!--一般权限--> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MODIFY_AUDIO_SETTINGS"/>
<ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul>
危险权限必须要授权, 一般权限不需要.
检测权限类
/** * 检查权限的工具类 * <p/> * Created by wangchenlong on 16/1/26. */public class PermissionsChecker { private final Context mContext; public PermissionsChecker(Context context) { mContext = context.getApplicationContext(); } // 判断权限集合 public boolean lacksPermissions(String... permissions) { for (String permission : permissions) { if (lacksPermission(permission)) { return true; } } return false; } // 判断是否缺少权限 private boolean lacksPermission(String permission) { return ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(mContext, permission) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED; }}
<ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li></ul>
2. 首页
假设首页需要使用权限, 在页面显示前, 即onResume时, 检测权限,
如果缺少, 则进入权限获取页面; 接收返回值, 拒绝权限时, 直接关闭.
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { private static final int REQUEST_CODE = 0; // 请求码 // 所需的全部权限 static final String[] PERMISSIONS = new String[]{ Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO, Manifest.permission.MODIFY_AUDIO_SETTINGS }; @Bind(R.id.main_t_toolbar) Toolbar mTToolbar; private PermissionsChecker mPermissionsChecker; // 权限检测器 @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); ButterKnife.bind(this); setSupportActionBar(mTToolbar); mPermissionsChecker = new PermissionsChecker(this); } @Override protected void onResume() { super.onResume(); // 缺少权限时, 进入权限配置页面 if (mPermissionsChecker.lacksPermissions(PERMISSIONS)) { startPermissionsActivity(); } } private void startPermissionsActivity() { PermissionsActivity.startActivityForResult(this, REQUEST_CODE, PERMISSIONS); } @Override protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) { super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data); // 拒绝时, 关闭页面, 缺少主要权限, 无法运行 if (requestCode == REQUEST_CODE && resultCode == PermissionsActivity.PERMISSIONS_DENIED) { finish(); } }}
<ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">33</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">34</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">35</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">36</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">37</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">38</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">39</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">40</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">41</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">42</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">43</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">44</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">45</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">46</li></ul>
核心权限必须满足, 如摄像应用, 摄像头权限就是必须的, 如果用户不予授权, 则直接关闭.
3. 授权页
授权页, 首先使用系统默认的授权页, 当用户拒绝时, 指导用户手动设置, 当用户再次操作失败后, 返回继续提示. 用户手动退出授权页时, 给使用页发送授权失败的通知.
/** * 权限获取页面 * <p/> * Created by wangchenlong on 16/1/26. */public class PermissionsActivity extends AppCompatActivity { public static final int PERMISSIONS_GRANTED = 0; // 权限授权 public static final int PERMISSIONS_DENIED = 1; // 权限拒绝 private static final int PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE = 0; // 系统权限管理页面的参数 private static final String EXTRA_PERMISSIONS = "me.chunyu.clwang.permission.extra_permission"; // 权限参数 private static final String PACKAGE_URL_SCHEME = "package:"; // 方案 private PermissionsChecker mChecker; // 权限检测器 private boolean isRequireCheck; // 是否需要系统权限检测 // 启动当前权限页面的公开接口 public static void startActivityForResult(Activity activity, int requestCode, String... permissions) { Intent intent = new Intent(activity, PermissionsActivity.class); intent.putExtra(EXTRA_PERMISSIONS, permissions); ActivityCompat.startActivityForResult(activity, intent, requestCode, null); } @Override protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); if (getIntent() == null || !getIntent().hasExtra(EXTRA_PERMISSIONS)) { throw new RuntimeException("PermissionsActivity需要使用静态startActivityForResult方法启动!"); } setContentView(R.layout.activity_permissions); mChecker = new PermissionsChecker(this); isRequireCheck = true; } @Override protected void onResume() { super.onResume(); if (isRequireCheck) { String[] permissions = getPermissions(); if (mChecker.lacksPermissions(permissions)) { requestPermissions(permissions); // 请求权限 } else { allPermissionsGranted(); // 全部权限都已获取 } } else { isRequireCheck = true; } } // 返回传递的权限参数 private String[] getPermissions() { return getIntent().getStringArrayExtra(EXTRA_PERMISSIONS); } // 请求权限兼容低版本 private void requestPermissions(String... permissions) { ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, permissions, PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE); } // 全部权限均已获取 private void allPermissionsGranted() { setResult(PERMISSIONS_GRANTED); finish(); } /** * 用户权限处理, * 如果全部获取, 则直接过. * 如果权限缺失, 则提示Dialog. * * @param requestCode 请求码 * @param permissions 权限 * @param grantResults 结果 */ @Override public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) { if (requestCode == PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE && hasAllPermissionsGranted(grantResults)) { isRequireCheck = true; allPermissionsGranted(); } else { isRequireCheck = false; showMissingPermissionDialog(); } } // 含有全部的权限 private boolean hasAllPermissionsGranted(@NonNull int[] grantResults) { for (int grantResult : grantResults) { if (grantResult == PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED) { return false; } } return true; } // 显示缺失权限提示 private void showMissingPermissionDialog() { AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(PermissionsActivity.this); builder.setTitle(R.string.help); builder.setMessage(R.string.string_help_text); // 拒绝, 退出应用 builder.setNegativeButton(R.string.quit, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) { setResult(PERMISSIONS_DENIED); finish(); } }); builder.setPositiveButton(R.string.settings, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) { startAppSettings(); } }); builder.show(); } // 启动应用的设置 private void startAppSettings() { Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS); intent.setData(Uri.parse(PACKAGE_URL_SCHEME + getPackageName())); startActivity(intent); }}
<ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">33</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">34</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">35</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">36</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">37</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">38</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">39</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">40</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">41</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">42</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">43</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">44</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">45</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">46</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">47</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">48</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">49</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">50</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">51</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">52</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">53</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">54</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">55</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">56</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">57</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">58</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">59</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">60</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">61</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">62</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">63</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">64</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">65</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">66</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">67</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">68</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">69</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">70</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">71</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">72</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">73</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">74</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">75</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">76</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">77</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">78</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">79</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">80</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">81</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">82</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">83</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">84</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">85</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">86</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">87</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">88</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">89</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">90</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">91</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">92</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">93</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">94</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">95</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">96</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">97</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">98</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">99</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">100</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">101</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">102</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">103</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">104</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">105</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">106</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">107</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">108</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">109</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">110</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">111</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">112</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">113</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">114</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">115</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">116</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">117</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">118</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">119</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">120</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">121</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">122</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">123</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">124</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">125</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">126</li></ul>
注意isRequireCheck参数的使用, 防止和系统提示框重叠.
系统授权提示: ActivityCompat.requestPermissions, ActivityCompat兼容低版本.
效果
关键部分就这些了, 动态权限授权虽然给程序员带来了一些麻烦, 但是对用户还是很有必要的, 我们也应该欢迎, 毕竟每个程序员都是半个产品经理.
OK, that’s all! Enjoy it.
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