OSPF特殊区域之STUB
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OSPF划分区域优点：
减小LSDB（lsa泛洪），同时保证到达目标网络的可达性
减小路由震荡
stub（末节网络）区域特点
1. 一个区域配置为stub时，所有相关路由器都需要配置该属性
2. 如果stub区域边界有多个ABR时，注意选路（修改cost）
3. 该区域不接受4、5类路由
4. 不能出现ASBR
5. 不能为区域0
6. 虚连接不能出现在该区域
7. ABR会自动下发一条缺省路由
实验拓扑 
需求
1. A1配置为stub区域，查看到R5的路由情况（在R3的ospf进程中引入rip路由）
2. 查看各个区域都存在几类路由
3. R1、R2的loopback发布在0区，R3的loopback发布在2区，R5的loopback发布在rip中
完成ip网络基本配置，以及ospf邻居建立，查看邻居情况如下：
#R1<R1>dis ospf peer brief OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 1.1.1.1 Peer Statistic Information ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Area Id Interface Neighbor id State 0.0.0.0 Serial0/0/1 2.2.2.2 Full 0.0.0.2 Serial0/0/0 3.3.3.3 Full ----------------------------------------------------------------------------<R1>#R2<R2>dis ospf peer brief OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 2.2.2.2 Peer Statistic Information ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Area Id Interface Neighbor id State 0.0.0.0 Serial0/0/0 1.1.1.1 Full 0.0.0.1 Serial0/0/1 4.4.4.4 Full ----------------------------------------------------------------------------<R2>#R3<R3>dis ospf peer brief OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 3.3.3.3 Peer Statistic Information ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Area Id Interface Neighbor id State 0.0.0.2 Serial0/0/0 1.1.1.1 Full ----------------------------------------------------------------------------<R3>#R4<R4>dis ospf peer brief OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 4.4.4.4 Peer Statistic Information ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Area Id Interface Neighbor id State 0.0.0.1 Serial0/0/1 2.2.2.2 Full ----------------------------------------------------------------------------<R4>ospf邻居建立正常#查看R3是否学到R5的loopback<R3>dis ip routing-table p rip Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib------------------------------------------------------------------------------Public routing table : RIP Destinations : 1 Routes : 1 RIP routing table status : <Active> Destinations : 1 Routes : 1Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface 51.1.1.0/24 RIP 100 1 D 35.1.1.5 Serial0/0/1RIP routing table status : <Inactive> Destinations : 0 Routes : 0<R3>R3已学到R5的loopback路由，直接到最左侧R4上查看路由情况<R4>dis ospf lsdb OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 4.4.4.4 Link State Database Area: 0.0.0.1 Type LinkState ID AdvRouter Age Len Sequence Metric Router 4.4.4.4 4.4.4.4 701 60 80000004 1562 Router 2.2.2.2 2.2.2.2 702 48 80000003 1562 Sum-Net 21.1.1.1 2.2.2.2 712 28 80000002 0 Sum-Net 12.1.1.0 2.2.2.2 712 28 80000002 1562 Sum-Net 11.1.1.1 2.2.2.2 712 28 80000002 1562 Sum-Net 31.1.1.1 2.2.2.2 712 28 80000002 3124 Sum-Net 13.1.1.0 2.2.2.2 712 28 80000002 3124 Sum-Asbr 3.3.3.3 2.2.2.2 712 28 80000002 3124 AS External Database Type LinkState ID AdvRouter Age Len Sequence Metric External 51.1.1.0 3.3.3.3 698 36 80000002 1 External 35.1.1.0 3.3.3.3 700 36 80000002 1<R4>可以看到已经学到R5的外部路由，R4上存在1、3、4、5类lsa（lsa2存在于MA网络）注意此处的External路由的cost，在R3的ospf上引入rip时需要注意type1、type2的区别*type1，经过的路径会累加cost值，可以反映出路径的花销*type2，经过的路径不会累加cost值-----------------------华丽的分割线-----------------------配置A1区域为stub区域将R4的A1区域配置为stb后，此时邻居会中断（在hello中区域flag必须一致），将R2的A1区域也配置为stub后，此时邻居建立[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub [R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]Aug 28 2015 00:08:04-08:00 R4 %%01OSPF/3/NBR_CHG_DOWN(l)[0]:Neighbor event:neighbor state changed to Down. (ProcessId=1, NeighborAddress=2.2.2.2, NeighborEvent=KillNbr, NeighborPreviousState=Full, NeighborCurrentState=Down)Aug 28 2015 00:08:04-08:00 R4 %%01OSPF/3/NBR_DOWN_REASON(l)[1]:Neighbor state leaves full or changed to Down. (ProcessId=1, NeighborRouterId=2.2.2.2, NeighborAreaId=1, NeighborInterface=Serial0/0/1,NeighborDownImmediate reason=Neighbor Down Due to Kill Neighbor, NeighborDownPrimeReason=Area reset, NeighborChangeTime=2015-08-28 00:08:04-08:00)[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]Aug 28 2015 00:08:13-08:00 R4 DS/4/DATASYNC_CFGCHANGE:OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.191.3.1 configurations have been changed. The current change number is 19, the change loop count is 0, and the maximum number of records is 4095.Aug 28 2015 00:08:15-08:00 R4 %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[2]:Neighbor changes event: neighbor status changed. (ProcessId=1, NeighborAddress=24.1.1.2, NeighborEvent=HelloReceived, NeighborPreviousState=Down, NeighborCurrentState=Init)Aug 28 2015 00:08:25-08:00 R4 %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[3]:Neighbor changes event: neighbor status changed. (ProcessId=1, NeighborAddress=24.1.1.2, NeighborEvent=2WayReceived, NeighborPreviousState=Init, NeighborCurrentState=ExStart)Aug 28 2015 00:08:25-08:00 R4 %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[4]:Neighbor changes event: neighbor status changed. (ProcessId=1, NeighborAddress=24.1.1.2, NeighborEvent=NegotiationDone, NeighborPreviousState=ExStart, NeighborCurrentState=Exchange)Aug 28 2015 00:08:25-08:00 R4 %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[5]:Neighbor changes event: neighbor status changed. (ProcessId=1, NeighborAddress=24.1.1.2, NeighborEvent=ExchangeDone, NeighborPreviousState=Exchange, NeighborCurrentState=Loading)Aug 28 2015 00:08:25-08:00 R4 %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[6]:Neighbor changes event: neighbor status changed. (ProcessId=1, NeighborAddress=24.1.1.2, NeighborEvent=LoadingDone, NeighborPreviousState=Loading, NeighborCurrentState=Full)[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]邻居建立后再次查看路由、lsa情况[R4]dis ip routing-tabl p oRoute Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib------------------------------------------------------------------------------Public routing table : OSPF Destinations : 6 Routes : 6 OSPF routing table status : <Active> Destinations : 6 Routes : 6Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface 0.0.0.0/0 OSPF 10 1563 D 24.1.1.2 Serial0/0/1 11.1.1.1/32 OSPF 10 3124 D 24.1.1.2 Serial0/0/1 12.1.1.0/24 OSPF 10 3124 D 24.1.1.2 Serial0/0/1 13.1.1.0/24 OSPF 10 4686 D 24.1.1.2 Serial0/0/1 21.1.1.1/32 OSPF 10 1562 D 24.1.1.2 Serial0/0/1 31.1.1.1/32 OSPF 10 4686 D 24.1.1.2 Serial0/0/1OSPF routing table status : <Inactive> Destinations : 0 Routes : 0[R4]已经不存在外部路由，同时会下发一条缺省路由查看lsa[R4]dis ospf lsdb OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 4.4.4.4 Link State Database Area: 0.0.0.1 Type LinkState ID AdvRouter Age Len Sequence Metric Router 4.4.4.4 4.4.4.4 231 60 80000003 1562 Router 2.2.2.2 2.2.2.2 232 48 80000003 1562 Sum-Net 0.0.0.0 2.2.2.2 242 28 80000001 1 Sum-Net 21.1.1.1 2.2.2.2 242 28 80000001 0 Sum-Net 12.1.1.0 2.2.2.2 242 28 80000001 1562 Sum-Net 11.1.1.1 2.2.2.2 242 28 80000001 1562 Sum-Net 31.1.1.1 2.2.2.2 242 28 80000001 3124 Sum-Net 13.1.1.0 2.2.2.2 242 28 80000001 3124[R4]此时只存在1、3类lsa*既然已经存在了一条缺省的lsa3，那么到外部区域的其他lsa3就不需要存在了，此时可以将stub区域配置为totally stub区域
*当一个区域边界存在多个ABR时，注意修改cost值进行选路
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