android 瀑布流 的实现

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所谓瀑布流效果,简单说就是宽度相同但是高度不同的一大堆图片,分成几列,然后像水流一样向下排列,并随着用户的上下滑动自动加载更多的图片内容。
语言描述比较抽象,具体效果看下面的截图:

其实这个效果在web上应用的还蛮多的,在android上也有一些应用有用到。因为看起来参差不齐,所以比较有新鲜感,不像传统的九宫格那样千篇一律。网络上相关的文章也有几篇,但是整理后发现要么忽略了OOM的处理,要么代码的逻辑相对来说有一点混乱,滑动效果也有一点卡顿。所以后来自己干脆换了一下思路,重新实现了这样一个瀑布流效果。目前做的测试不多,但是加载几千张图片还没有出现过OOM的情况,滑动也比较流畅。下面大体讲解一下实现思路。要想比较好的实现这个效果主要有两个重点:一是在用户滑动到底部的时候加载下一组图片内容的处理。二是当加载图片比较多的情况下,对图片进行回收,防止OOM的处理。对于第一点,主要是加载时机的判断以及加载内容的异步处理。这一部分其实理解起来还是比较容易,具体可以参见下面给出的源码。对于第二点,在进行回收的时候,我们的整体思路是以用户当前看到的这一个屏幕为基准,向上两屏以及向下两屏一共有5屏的内容,超出这5屏范围的bitmap将被回收。在向上滚动的时候,将回收超过下方两屏范围的bitmap,并重载进入上方两屏的bitmap。在向下滚动的时候,将回收超过上方两屏范围的bitmap,并重载进入下方两屏的bitmap。具体的实现思路还是参见源码,我有给出比较详细的注释。

先来看一下项目的结构:

WaterFall.java
package com.carrey.waterfall.waterfall;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Random;

import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.view.MotionEvent;
import android.widget.LinearLayout;
import android.widget.ScrollView;
/**
* 瀑布流
* 某些参数做了固定设置,如果想扩展功能,可自行修改
* @author carrey
*
*/
public class WaterFall extends ScrollView {

    /** 延迟发送message的handler */    private DelayHandler delayHandler;    /** 添加单元到瀑布流中的Handler */    private AddItemHandler addItemHandler;    /** ScrollView直接包裹的LinearLayout */    private LinearLayout containerLayout;    /** 存放所有的列Layout */    private ArrayList<LinearLayout> colLayoutArray;    /** 当前所处的页面(已经加载了几次) */    private int currentPage;    /** 存储每一列中向上方向的未被回收bitmap的单元的最小行号 */    private int[] currentTopLineIndex;    /** 存储每一列中向下方向的未被回收bitmap的单元的最大行号 */    private int[] currentBomLineIndex;    /** 存储每一列中已经加载的最下方的单元的行号 */    private int[] bomLineIndex;    /** 存储每一列的高度 */    private int[] colHeight;    /** 所有的图片资源路径 */    private String[] imageFilePaths;    /** 瀑布流显示的列数 */    private int colCount;    /** 瀑布流每一次加载的单元数量 */    private int pageCount;    /** 瀑布流容纳量 */    private int capacity;    private Random random;    /** 列的宽度 */    private int colWidth;    private boolean isFirstPage;    public WaterFall(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle) {            super(context, attrs, defStyle);            init();    }    public WaterFall(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {            super(context, attrs);            init();    }    public WaterFall(Context context) {            super(context);            init();    }    /** 基本初始化工作 */    private void init() {            delayHandler = new DelayHandler(this);            addItemHandler = new AddItemHandler(this);            colCount = 4;//默认情况下是4列            pageCount = 30;//默认每次加载30个瀑布流单元            capacity = 10000;//默认容纳10000张图            random = new Random();            colWidth = getResources().getDisplayMetrics().widthPixels / colCount;            colHeight = new int[colCount];            currentTopLineIndex = new int[colCount];            currentBomLineIndex = new int[colCount];            bomLineIndex = new int[colCount];            colLayoutArray = new ArrayList<LinearLayout>();    }    /**     * 在外部调用 第一次装载页面 必须调用     */    public void setup() {            containerLayout = new LinearLayout(getContext());            containerLayout.setBackgroundColor(Color.WHITE);            LinearLayout.LayoutParams layoutParams = new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(                            LinearLayout.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT, LinearLayout.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT);            addView(containerLayout, layoutParams);            for (int i = 0; i < colCount; i++) {                    LinearLayout colLayout = new LinearLayout(getContext());                    LinearLayout.LayoutParams colLayoutParams = new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(                                    colWidth, LinearLayout.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT);                    colLayout.setPadding(2, 2, 2, 2);                    colLayout.setOrientation(LinearLayout.VERTICAL);                    containerLayout.addView(colLayout, colLayoutParams);                    colLayoutArray.add(colLayout);            }            try {                    imageFilePaths = getContext().getAssets().list("images");            } catch (IOException e) {                    e.printStackTrace();            }            //添加第一页            addNextPageContent(true);    }    @Override    public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {            switch (ev.getAction()) {            case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:                    break;            case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:                    //手指离开屏幕的时候向DelayHandler延时发送一个信息,然后DelayHandler                    //届时来判断当前的滑动位置,进行不同的处理。                    delayHandler.sendMessageDelayed(delayHandler.obtainMessage(), 200);                    break;            }            return super.onTouchEvent(ev);    }    @Override    protected void onScrollChanged(int l, int t, int oldl, int oldt) {            //在滚动过程中,回收滚动了很远的bitmap,防止OOM            /*---回收算法说明:             * 回收的整体思路是:             * 我们只保持当前手机显示的这一屏以及上方两屏和下方两屏 一共5屏内容的Bitmap,             * 超出这个范围的单元Bitmap都被回收。             * 这其中又包括了一种情况就是之前回收过的单元的重新加载。             * 详细的讲解:             * 向下滚动的时候:回收超过上方两屏的单元Bitmap,重载进入下方两屏以内Bitmap             * 向上滚动的时候:回收超过下方两屏的单元bitmao,重载进入上方两屏以内bitmap             * ---*/            int viewHeight = getHeight();            if (t > oldt) {//向下滚动                    if (t > 2 * viewHeight) {                            for (int i = 0; i < colCount; i++) {                                    LinearLayout colLayout = colLayoutArray.get(i);                                    //回收上方超过两屏bitmap                                    FlowingView topItem = (FlowingView) colLayout.getChildAt(currentTopLineIndex[i]);                                    if (topItem.getFootHeight() < t - 2 * viewHeight) {                                            topItem.recycle();                                            currentTopLineIndex[i] ++;                                    }                                    //重载下方进入(+1)两屏以内bitmap                                    FlowingView bomItem = (FlowingView) colLayout.getChildAt(Math.min(currentBomLineIndex[i] + 1, bomLineIndex[i]));                                    if (bomItem.getFootHeight() <= t + 3 * viewHeight) {                                            bomItem.reload();                                            currentBomLineIndex[i] = Math.min(currentBomLineIndex[i] + 1, bomLineIndex[i]);                                    }                            }                    }            } else {//向上滚动                    for (int i = 0; i < colCount; i++) {                            LinearLayout colLayout = colLayoutArray.get(i);                            //回收下方超过两屏bitmap                            FlowingView bomItem = (FlowingView) colLayout.getChildAt(currentBomLineIndex[i]);                            if (bomItem.getFootHeight() > t + 3 * viewHeight) {                                    bomItem.recycle();                                    currentBomLineIndex[i] --;                            }                            //重载上方进入(-1)两屏以内bitmap                            FlowingView topItem = (FlowingView) colLayout.getChildAt(Math.max(currentTopLineIndex[i] - 1, 0));                            if (topItem.getFootHeight() >= t - 2 * viewHeight) {                                    topItem.reload();                                    currentTopLineIndex[i] = Math.max(currentTopLineIndex[i] - 1, 0);                            }                    }            }            super.onScrollChanged(l, t, oldl, oldt);    }    /**     * 这里之所以要用一个Handler,是为了使用他的延迟发送message的函数     * 延迟的效果在于,如果用户快速滑动,手指很早离开屏幕,然后滑动到了底部的时候,     * 因为信息稍后发送,在手指离开屏幕到滑动到底部的这个时间差内,依然能够加载图片     * @author carrey     *     */    private static class DelayHandler extends Handler {            private WeakReference<WaterFall> waterFallWR;            private WaterFall waterFall;            public DelayHandler(WaterFall waterFall) {                    waterFallWR = new WeakReference<WaterFall>(waterFall);                    this.waterFall = waterFallWR.get();            }            @Override            public void handleMessage(Message msg) {                    //判断当前滑动到的位置,进行不同的处理                    if (waterFall.getScrollY() + waterFall.getHeight() >=                                     waterFall.getMaxColHeight() - 20) {                            //滑动到底部,添加下一页内容                            waterFall.addNextPageContent(false);                    } else if (waterFall.getScrollY() == 0) {                            //滑动到了顶部                    } else {                            //滑动在中间位置                    }                    super.handleMessage(msg);            }    }    /**     * 添加单元到瀑布流中的Handler     * @author carrey     *     */    private static class AddItemHandler extends Handler {            private WeakReference<WaterFall> waterFallWR;            private WaterFall waterFall;            public AddItemHandler(WaterFall waterFall) {                    waterFallWR = new WeakReference<WaterFall>(waterFall);                    this.waterFall = waterFallWR.get();            }            @Override            public void handleMessage(Message msg) {                    switch (msg.what) {                    case 0x00:                            FlowingView flowingView = (FlowingView)msg.obj;                            waterFall.addItem(flowingView);                            break;                    }                    super.handleMessage(msg);            }    }    /**     * 添加单元到瀑布流中     * @param flowingView     */    private void addItem(FlowingView flowingView) {            int minHeightCol = getMinHeightColIndex();            colLayoutArray.get(minHeightCol).addView(flowingView);            colHeight[minHeightCol] += flowingView.getViewHeight();            flowingView.setFootHeight(colHeight[minHeightCol]);            if (!isFirstPage) {                    bomLineIndex[minHeightCol] ++;                    currentBomLineIndex[minHeightCol] ++;            }    }    /**     * 添加下一个页面的内容     */    private void addNextPageContent(boolean isFirstPage) {            this.isFirstPage = isFirstPage;            //添加下一个页面的pageCount个单元内容            for (int i = pageCount * currentPage;                             i < pageCount * (currentPage + 1) && i < capacity; i++) {                    new Thread(new PrepareFlowingViewRunnable(i)).run();            }            currentPage ++;    }    /**     * 异步加载要添加的FlowingView     * @author carrey     *     */    private class PrepareFlowingViewRunnable implements Runnable {            private int id;            public PrepareFlowingViewRunnable (int id) {                    this.id = id;            }            @Override            public void run() {                    FlowingView flowingView = new FlowingView(getContext(), id, colWidth);                    String imageFilePath = "images/" + imageFilePaths[random.nextInt(imageFilePaths.length)];                    flowingView.setImageFilePath(imageFilePath);                    flowingView.loadImage();                    addItemHandler.sendMessage(addItemHandler.obtainMessage(0x00, flowingView));            }    }    /**     * 获得所有列中的最大高度     * @return     */    private int getMaxColHeight() {            int maxHeight = colHeight[0];            for (int i = 1; i < colHeight.length; i++) {                    if (colHeight[i] > maxHeight)                            maxHeight = colHeight[i];            }            return maxHeight;    }    /**     * 获得目前高度最小的列的索引     * @return     */    private int getMinHeightColIndex() {            int index = 0;            for (int i = 1; i < colHeight.length; i++) {                    if (colHeight[i] < colHeight[index])                            index = i;            }            return index;    }

}
复制代码
FlowingView.java
package com.carrey.waterfall.waterfall;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;

import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.graphics.Canvas;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.graphics.Paint;
import android.graphics.Rect;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Toast;
/**
* 瀑布流中流动的单元
* @author carrey
*
*/
public class FlowingView extends View implements View.OnClickListener, View.OnLongClickListener {

    /** 单元的编号,在整个瀑布流中是唯一的,可以用来标识身份 */    private int index;    /** 单元中要显示的图片Bitmap */    private Bitmap imageBmp;    /** 图像文件的路径 */    private String imageFilePath;    /** 单元的宽度,也是图像的宽度 */    private int width;    /** 单元的高度,也是图像的高度 */    private int height;    /** 画笔 */    private Paint paint;    /** 图像绘制区域 */    private Rect rect;    /** 这个单元的底部到它所在列的顶部之间的距离 */    private int footHeight;    public FlowingView(Context context, int index, int width) {            super(context);            this.index = index;            this.width = width;            init();    }    /**     * 基本初始化工作     */    private void init() {            setOnClickListener(this);            setOnLongClickListener(this);            paint = new Paint();            paint.setAntiAlias(true);    }    @Override    protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {            setMeasuredDimension(width, height);    }    @Override    protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {            //绘制图像            canvas.drawColor(Color.WHITE);            if (imageBmp != null && rect != null) {                    canvas.drawBitmap(imageBmp, null, rect, paint);            }            super.onDraw(canvas);    }    /**     * 被WaterFall调用异步加载图片数据     */    public void loadImage() {            InputStream inStream = null;            try {                    inStream = getContext().getAssets().open(imageFilePath);                    imageBmp = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(inStream);                    inStream.close();                    inStream = null;            } catch (IOException e) {                    e.printStackTrace();            }            if (imageBmp != null) {                    int bmpWidth = imageBmp.getWidth();                    int bmpHeight = imageBmp.getHeight();                    height = (int) (bmpHeight * width / bmpWidth);                    rect = new Rect(0, 0, width, height);            }    }    /**     * 重新加载回收了的Bitmap     */    public void reload() {            if (imageBmp == null) {                    new Thread(new Runnable() {                            @Override                            public void run() {                                    InputStream inStream = null;                                    try {                                            inStream = getContext().getAssets().open(imageFilePath);                                            imageBmp = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(inStream);                                            inStream.close();                                            inStream = null;                                            postInvalidate();                                    } catch (IOException e) {                                            e.printStackTrace();                                    }                            }                    }).start();            }    }    /**     * 防止OOM进行回收     */    public void recycle() {            if (imageBmp == null || imageBmp.isRecycled())                     return;            new Thread(new Runnable() {                    @Override                    public void run() {                            imageBmp.recycle();                            imageBmp = null;                            postInvalidate();                    }            }).start();    }    @Override    public boolean onLongClick(View v) {            Toast.makeText(getContext(), "long click : " + index, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();            return true;    }    @Override    public void onClick(View v) {            Toast.makeText(getContext(), "click : " + index, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();    }    /**     * 获取单元的高度     * @return     */    public int getViewHeight() {            return height;    }    /**     * 设置图片路径     * @param imageFilePath     */    public void setImageFilePath(String imageFilePath) {            this.imageFilePath = imageFilePath;    }    public Bitmap getImageBmp() {            return imageBmp;    }    public void setImageBmp(Bitmap imageBmp) {            this.imageBmp = imageBmp;    }    public int getFootHeight() {            return footHeight;    }    public void setFootHeight(int footHeight) {            this.footHeight = footHeight;    }

}
复制代码
MainActivity.java
package com.carrey.waterfall;

import com.carrey.waterfall.waterfall.WaterFall;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.app.Activity;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

    @Override    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);            setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);            WaterFall waterFall = (WaterFall) findViewById(R.id.waterfall);            waterFall.setup();    }

}
复制代码
activity_main.xml

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