Shiro QuickStart使用shiro.ini静态数据源实现权限管理

      前言：Shiro可以通过使用shiro.ini静态数据源实现权限管理，实现用户登录、授权、权限验证、异常处理和登出等操作。这里以shiro的quickstart项目为例进行学习解读，shiro SVN地址：http://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/shiro，QuickStart demo 小巧易学，不妨下来看看。

1.Shiro QuickStart提供的功能

1.1.获取当前用户

   通过SecurityUtils.getSubject()，就可以获取当前Subject。Subject是应用中用户的一个特定安全的缩影，虽然感觉上直接使用User会更贴切，但是实际上它的意义远远超过了User。在单应用系统中，调用getSubject()会返回一个Subject，它是位于应用程序中特定位置的用户信息；在服务器中运行的情况下(比如web应用)，getSubject会返回一个位于当前线程或请求中的用户信息。

  // get the currently executing user:  Subject currentUser = SecurityUtils.getSubject();

1.2.共享session

   Session对象是Shiro中特有的对象，它和我们经常使用的HttpSession非常相似，但还提供了额外的东西，其中与HttpSession最大的不同就是Shiro中的Session不依赖HTTP环境(换句话说，可以在非HTTP 容器下运行)。

   如果将Shiro部署在web应用程序中，那么这个Session就是基于HttpSession的。但是像QuickStart示例那样，在非web环境下使用，Shiro则默认使用EnterpriseSessionManagment。也就是说，不论在应用中的任何一层使用同样的API，却不需要考虑部署环境，这一优点为应用打开一个全新的世界，因为应用中要获取Session对象再也不用依赖于HttpSession或者EJB的会话Bean。而且任何客户端技术都可以共享session 数据。

 // Do some stuff with a Session (no need for a web or EJB container!!!) Session session = currentUser.getSession(); session.setAttribute("someKey", "aValue"); String value = (String) session.getAttribute("someKey"); if (value.equals("aValue")) {      log.info("Retrieved the correct value! [" + value + "]"); }

1.3.用户验证

    可以通过已得到的currentUser对象进行验证。Subject对象代表当前用户，但是，谁才是当前用户呢？他们可是匿名用户啊。也就是说，必须登录才能获取到当前用户。如果用户验证失败则需要通过捕获各类异常，根据不同类型的异常做出不同的处理：

 if (!currentUser.isAuthenticated()) {      UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken("lonestarr", "vespa");      token.setRememberMe(true);      try {           currentUser.login(token);      } catch (UnknownAccountException uae) {           log.info("There is no user with username of " + token.getPrincipal());      } catch (IncorrectCredentialsException ice) {           log.info("Password for account " + token.getPrincipal() + " was incorrect!");      } catch (LockedAccountException lae) {           log.info("The account for username " + token.getPrincipal() + " is locked.  " +                        "Please contact your administrator to unlock it.");      }      // ... catch more exceptions here (maybe custom ones specific to your application?      catch (AuthenticationException ae) {           //unexpected condition?  error?      }  }

用户登录成功后可以进行信息核对，打印出当前登录用户的识别码信息：

 //print their identifying principal (in this case, a username): log.info("User [" + currentUser.getPrincipal() + "] logged in successfully.");

1.4.角色判定

判断用户是否拥有特定的角色：

  //test a role:  if (currentUser.hasRole("schwartz")) {      log.info("May the Schwartz be with you!");  } else {       log.info("Hello, mere mortal.");  }

1.5.权限判定

判断用户是否对特定某实体有操作权限：

 //test a typed permission (not instance-level) if (currentUser.isPermitted("lightsaber:weild")) {    log.info("You may use a lightsaber ring.  Use it wisely."); } else {    log.info("Sorry, lightsaber rings are for schwartz masters only."); }

另外还可以判断用户是否有某个级别的操作权限：

 //a (very powerful) Instance Level permission:if (currentUser.isPermitted("winnebago:drive:eagle5")) {   log.info("You are permitted to 'drive' the winnebago with license plate (id) 'eagle5'.  " +                    "Here are the keys - have fun!");} else {   log.info("Sorry, you aren't allowed to drive the 'eagle5' winnebago!");}

1.6.用户登出

最后，当用户使用系统完毕，退出应用：

 //all done - log out!  currentUser.logout();

2.Quickstart.java流程组合示例

Quakstart.java 完整代码如下：

/* * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file * distributed with this work for additional information * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at * *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, * software distributed under the License is distributed on an * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the * specific language governing permissions and limitations * under the License. */import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils;import org.apache.shiro.authc.*;import org.apache.shiro.config.IniSecurityManagerFactory;import org.apache.shiro.mgt.SecurityManager;import org.apache.shiro.session.Session;import org.apache.shiro.subject.Subject;import org.apache.shiro.util.Factory;import org.slf4j.Logger;import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;/** * Simple Quickstart application showing how to use Shiro's API. * * @since 0.9 RC2 */public class Quickstart {    private static final transient Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Quickstart.class);    public static void main(String[] args) {        // The easiest way to create a Shiro SecurityManager with configured        // realms, users, roles and permissions is to use the simple INI config.        // We'll do that by using a factory that can ingest a .ini file and        // return a SecurityManager instance:        // Use the shiro.ini file at the root of the classpath        // (file: and url: prefixes load from files and urls respectively):        Factory<SecurityManager> factory = new IniSecurityManagerFactory("classpath:shiro.ini");        SecurityManager securityManager = factory.getInstance();        // for this simple example quickstart, make the SecurityManager        // accessible as a JVM singleton.  Most applications wouldn't do this        // and instead rely on their container configuration or web.xml for        // webapps.  That is outside the scope of this simple quickstart, so        // we'll just do the bare minimum so you can continue to get a feel        // for things.        SecurityUtils.setSecurityManager(securityManager);        // Now that a simple Shiro environment is set up, let's see what you can do:        // get the currently executing user:        Subject currentUser = SecurityUtils.getSubject();        // Do some stuff with a Session (no need for a web or EJB container!!!)        Session session = currentUser.getSession();        session.setAttribute("someKey", "aValue");        String value = (String) session.getAttribute("someKey");        if (value.equals("aValue")) {            log.info("Retrieved the correct value! [" + value + "]");        }        // let's login the current user so we can check against roles and permissions:        if (!currentUser.isAuthenticated()) {            UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken("lonestarr", "vespa");            token.setRememberMe(true);            try {                currentUser.login(token);            } catch (UnknownAccountException uae) {                log.info("There is no user with username of " + token.getPrincipal());            } catch (IncorrectCredentialsException ice) {                log.info("Password for account " + token.getPrincipal() + " was incorrect!");            } catch (LockedAccountException lae) {                log.info("The account for username " + token.getPrincipal() + " is locked.  " +                        "Please contact your administrator to unlock it.");            }            // ... catch more exceptions here (maybe custom ones specific to your application?            catch (AuthenticationException ae) {                //unexpected condition?  error?            }        }        //say who they are:        //print their identifying principal (in this case, a username):        log.info("User [" + currentUser.getPrincipal() + "] logged in successfully.");        //test a role:        if (currentUser.hasRole("schwartz")) {            log.info("May the Schwartz be with you!");        } else {            log.info("Hello, mere mortal.");        }        //test a typed permission (not instance-level)        if (currentUser.isPermitted("lightsaber:weild")) {            log.info("You may use a lightsaber ring.  Use it wisely.");        } else {            log.info("Sorry, lightsaber rings are for schwartz masters only.");        }        //a (very powerful) Instance Level permission:        if (currentUser.isPermitted("winnebago:drive:eagle5")) {            log.info("You are permitted to 'drive' the winnebago with license plate (id) 'eagle5'.  " +                    "Here are the keys - have fun!");        } else {            log.info("Sorry, you aren't allowed to drive the 'eagle5' winnebago!");        }        //all done - log out!        currentUser.logout();        System.exit(0);    }}

3.默认shiro.ini文件内容配置

[users]# user 'root' with password 'secret' and the 'admin' roleroot = secret, admin# user 'guest' with the password 'guest' and the 'guest' roleguest = guest, guest# user 'presidentskroob' with password '12345' ("That's the same combination on# my luggage!!!" ;)), and role 'president'presidentskroob = 12345, president# user 'darkhelmet' with password 'ludicrousspeed' and roles 'darklord' and 'schwartz'darkhelmet = ludicrousspeed, darklord, schwartz# user 'lonestarr' with password 'vespa' and roles 'goodguy' and 'schwartz'lonestarr = vespa, goodguy, schwartz[roles]# 'admin' role has all permissions, indicated by the wildcard '*'admin = *# The 'schwartz' role can do anything (*) with any lightsaber:schwartz = lightsaber:*# The 'goodguy' role is allowed to 'drive' (action) the winnebago (type) with# license plate 'eagle5' (instance specific id)goodguy = winnebago:drive:eagle5

参考文章：http://www.turingbook.com/article/details/163