Android Http请求方法汇总

   这篇文章主要实现了在Android中使用JDK的HttpURLConnection和Apache的HttpClient访问网络资源，服务端采用python+flask编写，使用Servlet太麻烦了。关于Http协议的相关知识，可以在网上查看相关资料。代码比较简单，就不详细解释了。

1. 使用JDK中HttpURLConnection访问网络资源

(1)get请求

 

01public String executeHttpGet() {

02String result =null;

03URL url =null;

04HttpURLConnection connection =null;

05InputStreamReader in =null;

06try{

07url = new URL("http://10.0.2.2:8888/data/get/?token=alexzhou");

08connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();

09in = new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream());

10BufferedReader bufferedReader =new BufferedReader(in);

11StringBuffer strBuffer =new StringBuffer();

12String line =null;

13while((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {

14strBuffer.append(line);

15}

16result = strBuffer.toString();

17} catch (Exception e) {

18e.printStackTrace();

19} finally {

20if(connection != null) {

21connection.disconnect();

22}

23if(in != null) {

24try{

25in.close();

26} catch (IOException e) {

27e.printStackTrace();

28}

29}

30

31}

32returnresult;

33}

注意：因为是通过android模拟器访问本地pc服务端，所以不能使用localhost和127.0.0.1，使用127.0.0.1会访问模拟器自身。Android系统为实现通信将PC的IP设置为10.0.2.2

(2)post请求

 

01public String executeHttpPost() {

02String result =null;

03URL url =null;

04HttpURLConnection connection =null;

05InputStreamReader in =null;

06try{

07url = new URL("http://10.0.2.2:8888/data/post/");

08connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();

09connection.setDoInput(true);

10connection.setDoOutput(true);

11connection.setRequestMethod("POST");

12connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded");

13connection.setRequestProperty("Charset","utf-8");

14DataOutputStream dop =new DataOutputStream(

15connection.getOutputStream());

16dop.writeBytes("token=alexzhou");

17dop.flush();

18dop.close();

19

20in = new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream());

21BufferedReader bufferedReader =new BufferedReader(in);

22StringBuffer strBuffer =new StringBuffer();

23String line =null;

24while((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {

25strBuffer.append(line);

26}

27result = strBuffer.toString();

28} catch (Exception e) {

29e.printStackTrace();

30} finally {

31if(connection != null) {

32connection.disconnect();

33}

34if(in != null) {

35try{

36in.close();

37} catch (IOException e) {

38e.printStackTrace();

39}

40}

41

42}

43returnresult;

44}

如果参数中有中文的话，可以使用下面的方式进行编码解码：

 

1URLEncoder.encode("测试","utf-8")

2URLDecoder.decode("测试","utf-8");

2.使用Apache的HttpClient访问网络资源
(1)get请求

 

01public String executeGet() {

02String result =null;

03BufferedReader reader =null;

04try{

05HttpClient client =new DefaultHttpClient();

06HttpGet request =new HttpGet();

07request.setURI(newURI(

08"http://10.0.2.2:8888/data/get/?token=alexzhou"));

09HttpResponse response = client.execute(request);

10reader =new BufferedReader(newInputStreamReader(response

11.getEntity().getContent()));

12

13StringBuffer strBuffer =new StringBuffer("");

14String line =null;

15while((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {

16strBuffer.append(line);

17}

18result = strBuffer.toString();

19

20} catch (Exception e) {

21e.printStackTrace();

22} finally {

23if(reader != null) {

24try{

25reader.close();

26reader =null;

27} catch (IOException e) {

28e.printStackTrace();

29}

30}

31}

32

33returnresult;

34}

（2）post请求

 

01public String executePost() {

02String result =null;

03BufferedReader reader =null;

04try{

05HttpClient client =new DefaultHttpClient();

06HttpPost request =new HttpPost();

07request.setURI(newURI("http://10.0.2.2:8888/data/post/"));

08List<NameValuePair> postParameters =new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();

09postParameters.add(newBasicNameValuePair("token","alexzhou"));

10UrlEncodedFormEntity formEntity =new UrlEncodedFormEntity(

11postParameters);

12request.setEntity(formEntity);

13

14HttpResponse response = client.execute(request);

15reader =new BufferedReader(newInputStreamReader(response

16.getEntity().getContent()));

17

18StringBuffer strBuffer =new StringBuffer("");

19String line =null;

20while((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {

21strBuffer.append(line);

22}

23result = strBuffer.toString();

24

25} catch (Exception e) {

26e.printStackTrace();

27} finally {

28if(reader != null) {

29try{

30reader.close();

31reader =null;

32} catch (IOException e) {

33e.printStackTrace();

34}

35}

36}

37

38returnresult;

39}

3.服务端代码实现
上面是采用两种方式的get和post请求的代码，下面来实现服务端的代码编写，使用python+flask真的非常的简单，就一个文件，前提是你得搭建好python+flask的环境，代码如下：

 

01#coding=utf-8

02

03import json

04from flask import Flask,request,render_template

05

06app =Flask(__name__)

07

08def send_ok_json(data=None):

09ifnot data:

10data = {}

11ok_json= {'ok':True,'reason':'','data':data}

12returnjson.dumps(ok_json)

13

[e-mail]('/data/get/',methods=['GET'])

15def data_get():

16token = request.args.get('token')

17ret = '%s**%s'%(token,'get')

18returnsend_ok_json(ret)

19

[e-mail]('/data/post/',methods=['POST'])

21def data_post():

22token = request.form.get('token')

23ret = '%s**%s'%(token,'post')

24returnsend_ok_json(ret)

25

26if __name__ =="__main__":

27app.run(host="localhost",port=8888,debug=True)

运行服务器，如图：

4. 编写单元测试代码
右击项目：new–》Source Folder取名tests，包名是：com.alexzhou.androidhttp.test（随便取，没有要求），结构如图：

在该包下创建测试类HttpTest，继承自AndroidTestCase。编写这四种方式的测试方法，代码如下:

 

01public class HttpTest extendsAndroidTestCase {

02

03@Override

04protectedvoid setUp() throwsException {

05Log.e("HttpTest","setUp");

06}

07

08@Override

09protectedvoid tearDown() throws Exception {

10Log.e("HttpTest","tearDown");

11}

12

13publicvoid testExecuteGet() {

14Log.e("HttpTest","testExecuteGet");

15HttpClientTest client = HttpClientTest.getInstance();

16String result = client.executeGet();

17Log.e("HttpTest", result);

18}

19

20publicvoid testExecutePost() {

21Log.e("HttpTest","testExecutePost");

22HttpClientTest client = HttpClientTest.getInstance();

23String result = client.executePost();

24Log.e("HttpTest", result);

25}

26

27publicvoid testExecuteHttpGet() {

28Log.e("HttpTest","testExecuteHttpGet");

29HttpClientTest client = HttpClientTest.getInstance();

30String result = client.executeHttpGet();

31Log.e("HttpTest", result);

32}

33

34publicvoid testExecuteHttpPost() {

35Log.e("HttpTest","testExecuteHttpPost");

36HttpClientTest client = HttpClientTest.getInstance();

37String result = client.executeHttpPost();

38Log.e("HttpTest", result);

39}

40}

附上HttpClientTest.java的其他代码：

 

01public class HttpClientTest {

02

03privatestatic final Object mSyncObject = new Object();

04privatestatic HttpClientTest mInstance;

05

06privateHttpClientTest() {

07

08}

09

10publicstatic HttpClientTest getInstance() {

11synchronized(mSyncObject) {

12if(mInstance != null) {

13returnmInstance;

14}

15mInstance =new HttpClientTest();

16}

17returnmInstance;

18}

19

20/**...上面的四个方法...*/

21}

现在还需要修改Android项目的配置文件AndroidManifest.xml，添加网络访问权限和单元测试的配置，AndroidManifest.xml配置文件的全部代码如下：

 

01<manifestxmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

02package="com.alexzhou.androidhttp"

03android:versionCode="1"

04android:versionName="1.0">

05

06<uses-permissionandroid:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>

07

08<uses-sdk

09android:minSdkVersion="8"

10android:targetSdkVersion="15"/>

11

12<application

13android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"

14android:label="@string/app_name"

15android:theme="@style/AppTheme">

16<uses-libraryandroid:name="android.test.runner"/>

17

18<activity

19android:name=".MainActivity"

20android:label="@string/title_activity_main">

21<intent-filter>

22<actionandroid:name="android.intent.action.MAIN"/>

23

24<categoryandroid:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"/>

25</intent-filter>

26</activity>

27</application>

28

29<instrumentation

30android:name="android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner"

31android:targetPackage="com.alexzhou.androidhttp"/>

32

33</manifest>

注意：
android:name=”android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner”这部分不用更改
android:targetPackage=”com.alexzhou.androidhttp”，填写应用程序的包名

5.测试结果
展开测试类HttpTest，依次选中这四个测试方法，右击：Run As–》Android Junit Test。
(1)运行testExecuteHttpGet，结果如图：

(2)运行testExecuteHttpPost，结果如图：

(3)运行testExecuteGet，结果如图：

(4)运行testExecutePost，结果如图：