Android Bluetooth
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前言
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正文
蓝牙是一种支持设备短距离传输数据的无线技术。android在2.0以后提供了这方面的支持。
从查找蓝牙设备到能够相互通信要经过几个基本步骤(本机做为服务器):
1.设置权限
在manifest中配置
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH"/><uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN"/>2.启动蓝牙
首先要查看本机是否支持蓝牙,获取BluetoothAdapter蓝牙适配器对象
BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();if(mBluetoothAdapter == null){ //表明此手机不支持蓝牙 return;}if(!mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()){//蓝牙未开启,则开启蓝牙Intent enableIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);startActivityForResult(enableIntent, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT);}//......public void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data){ if(requestCode == REQUEST_ENABLE_BT){ if(requestCode == RESULT_OK){ //蓝牙已经开启 } }}3。发现蓝牙设备
这里可以细分为几个方面
(1)使本机蓝牙处于可见(即处于易被搜索到状态),便于其他设备发现本机蓝牙
//使本机蓝牙在300秒内可被搜索private void ensureDiscoverable() { if (mBluetoothAdapter.getScanMode() != BluetoothAdapter.SCAN_MODE_CONNECTABLE_DISCOVERABLE) { Intent discoverableIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE); discoverableIntent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION, 300); startActivity(discoverableIntent); }}(2)查找已经配对的蓝牙设备,即以前已经配对过的设备
Set<BluetoothDevice> pairedDevices = mBluetoothAdapter.getBondedDevices();if (pairedDevices.size() > 0) {findViewById(R.id.title_paired_devices).setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);for (BluetoothDevice device : pairedDevices) {//device.getName() +" "+ device.getAddress());}} else {mPairedDevicesArrayAdapter.add("没有找到已匹对的设备");}(3)通过mBluetoothAdapter.startDiscovery();搜索设备,要获得此搜索的结果需要注册
一个BroadcastReceiver来获取。先注册再获取信息,然后处理
//注册,当一个设备被发现时调用onReceiveIntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);this.registerReceiver(mReceiver, filter);//当搜索结束后调用onReceivefilter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED);this.registerReceiver(mReceiver, filter);//.......private BroadcastReceiver mReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {@Overridepublic void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {String action = intent.getAction();if(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)){ BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE); // 已经配对的则跳过 if (device.getBondState() != BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED) { mNewDevicesArrayAdapter.add(device.getName() + "\n" + device.getAddress()); //保存设备地址与名字 }}else if (BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED.equals(action)) { //搜索结束 if (mNewDevicesArrayAdapter.getCount() == 0) { mNewDevicesArrayAdapter.add("没有搜索到设备"); }}}};4.建立连接
查找到设备 后,则需要建立本机与其他设备之间的连接。
一般用本机搜索其他蓝牙设备时,本机可以作为一个服务端,接收其他设备的连接。
启动一个服务器端的线程,死循环等待客户端的连接,这与ServerSocket极为相似。
这个线程在准备连接之前启动
//UUID可以看做一个端口号private static final UUID MY_UUID = UUID.fromString("fa87c0d0-afac-11de-8a39-0800200c9a66"); //像一个服务器一样时刻监听是否有连接建立 private class AcceptThread extends Thread{ private BluetoothServerSocket serverSocket; public AcceptThread(boolean secure){ BluetoothServerSocket temp = null; try { temp = mBluetoothAdapter.listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord( NAME_INSECURE, MY_UUID); } catch (IOException e) { Log.e("app", "listen() failed", e);} serverSocket = temp; } public void run(){ BluetoothSocket socket=null; while(true){ try {socket = serverSocket.accept();} catch (IOException e) { Log.e("app", "accept() failed", e); break;} } if(socket!=null){ //此时可以新建一个数据交换线程,把此socket传进去 } } //取消监听 public void cancel(){ try { serverSocket.close(); } catch (IOException e) { Log.e("app", "Socket Type" + socketType + "close() of server failed", e); } }}搜索到设备后可以获取设备的地址,通过此地址获取一个BluetoothDeviced对象,可以看做客户端,通过此对象device.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(MY_UUID);同一个UUID可与服务器建立连接获取另一个socket对象,由此服务端与客户端各有一个socket对象,此时
他们可以互相交换数据了。
创立客户端socket可建立线程
//另一个设备去连接本机,相当于客户端 private class ConnectThread extends Thread{ private BluetoothSocket socket; private BluetoothDevice device; public ConnectThread(BluetoothDevice device,boolean secure){ this.device = device; BluetoothSocket tmp = null; try {tmp = device.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(MY_UUID_SECURE);} catch (IOException e) { Log.e("app", "create() failed", e);} } public void run(){ mBluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery();//取消设备查找 try {socket.connect();} catch (IOException e) {try {socket.close();} catch (IOException e1) { Log.e("app", "unable to close() "+ " socket during connection failure", e1);}connetionFailed();//连接失败return;} //此时可以新建一个数据交换线程,把此socket传进去 } public void cancel() { try { socket.close(); } catch (IOException e) { Log.e("app", "close() of connect socket failed", e); } } }5.建立数据通信线程,进行读取数据
//建立连接后,进行数据通信的线程 private class ConnectedThread extends Thread{ private BluetoothSocket socket; private InputStream inStream; private OutputStream outStream; public ConnectedThread(BluetoothSocket socket){ this.socket = socket; try { //获得输入输出流inStream = socket.getInputStream();outStream = socket.getOutputStream();} catch (IOException e) {Log.e("app", "temp sockets not created", e);} } public void run(){ byte[] buff = new byte[1024]; int len=0; //读数据需不断监听,写不需要 while(true){ try {len = inStream.read(buff);//把读取到的数据发送给UI进行显示Message msg = handler.obtainMessage(BluetoothChat.MESSAGE_READ,len, -1, buff);msg.sendToTarget();} catch (IOException e) {Log.e("app", "disconnected", e); connectionLost();//失去连接 start();//重新启动服务器 break;} } } public void write(byte[] buffer) { try { outStream.write(buffer); // Share the sent message back to the UI Activity handler.obtainMessage(BluetoothChat.MESSAGE_WRITE, -1, -1, buffer) .sendToTarget(); } catch (IOException e) { Log.e("app", "Exception during write", e); } } public void cancel() { try { socket.close(); } catch (IOException e) { Log.e("app", "close() of connect socket failed", e); } } }
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