Returning Into子句研究

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http://www.itpub.net/thread-1503225-1-1.html

 

在对数据表进行dml操作(InsertUpdatedelete)的时候,有时会需要获取到进行操作的数据。最简单的方法就是在DML操作之前或者之后进行一下select操作,将数据获取到。此外,还可以使用一种更为简洁的方法,就是使用OracleSQLreturninginto子句。

Returning Into简介

在进行insertupdatedelete操作的时候,都可以在末尾加入returning into字句。这字句的作用是将进行DML操作影响到数据行的列值,保存进指定的PL/SQL变量中。使用该字句的效果,与进行insertupdate之后执行select into,以及在delete之前进行select into的效果相同。在Oracle官方的PL/SQL指导书中,推荐这种方法进行变量保存,能够最大限度的保证数据的一致。

下面我们通过一系列的代码示例进行说明。

实验环境准备

//10g数据库环境

SQL> select * from v$version;

BANNER

----------------------------------------------------------------

Oracle Database10gEnterpriseEdition Release10.2.0.1.0 - Prod

PL/SQL Release10.2.0.1.0 - Production

CORE 10.2.0.1.0Production

TNS for 32-bit Windows: Version10.2.0.1.0 - Production

NLSRTL Version10.2.0.1.0 - Production

SQL> drop table t;

SQL> create table t as select * from dba_objects;

SQL> select count(*) from t;

COUNT(*)

----------

53300

单行变量returning into实验

returning单行数据pl/sql变量,是我们最常用的一种使用。下面的pl/sql匿名块分别从insertupdatedelete三个方面进行实验。

set serveroutput on size 1000;

declare

v_object_id t.object_id%type;

v_object_name t.object_name%type;

v_object_type t.object_type%type;

begin

--add a record

insert into t

(object_id, object_name)

values

(seq_t.nextval, 'MyTest')

returning object_id, object_name, object_type

into v_object_id, v_object_name, v_object_type;

dbms_output.put_line('New Record Returning : id='||v_object_id

||' name='||v_object_name

||' type='||nvl(v_object_type,'null'));

--update a record

update t

set object_id=20000

where object_id=1000

returning object_id, object_name, object_type

into v_object_id, v_object_name, v_object_type;

dbms_output.put_line('Mod Record Returning : id='||v_object_id

||' name='||v_object_name

||' type='||nvl(v_object_type,'null'));

--delete a record(Empty record)--删除一行不存在数据的时候,观察反映。

delete t

where object_id=1000

returning object_id, object_name, object_type

into v_object_id, v_object_name, v_object_type;

dbms_output.put_line('Del Record Returning : id='||v_object_id

||' name='||v_object_name

||' type='||nvl(v_object_type,'null'));

--delete a record(Not Empty Record)

delete t

where object_id=2000

returning object_id, object_name, object_type

into v_object_id, v_object_name, v_object_type;

dbms_output.put_line('Del Record Returning : id='||v_object_id

||' name='||v_object_name

||' type='||nvl(v_object_type,'null'));

--回退操作

rollback;

end;

/

上面代码,共包括四个实验项目。分别为:

1、添加一行记录,返回指定列表达式给一系列的pl/sql变量;

2、修改一行存在的数据记录,返回指定列表表达式给一系列的pl/sql变量;

3、删除一行不存在的数据记录,同样returning into给变量;

4、删除一行存在的数据记录,返回结果;

上述代码执行结果为:

SQL>

New Record Returning : id=100008 name=MyTest type=null

Mod Record Returning : id=20000 name=V_$BUFFER_POOL_STATISTICS type=VIEW

Del Record Returning : id=20000 name=V_$BUFFER_POOL_STATISTICS type=VIEW

Del Record Returning : id=2000 name=GV_$AW_LONGOPS type=VIEW

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed

结果分析:

1、insert操作,returning子句成功的将结果列的值返回给pl/sql变量;

2、update操作,returning子句则是将修改过的值返回给变量;

3、delete一条不存在记录,returning字句表现的很诡异了。首先,对应的pl/sql变量取值没有被flush intonull,还是保留着原有的变量值!其次,如果是一般的select into变量值,在没有一行返回值的情况下,会报错。而此处的returning子句没有抛出异常,只是简单的没有赋值;

4、delete一条存在的记录,returning记录实现了将删除信息返回给pl/sql变量的作用;

结论:在文档中对returning子句的阐述,效果为insertupdate之后进行selectdelete之前进行select。实际测试的结果,在特殊情况下,还有一些区别需要注意!

Type类型into支持

into后面的对象,除了使用简单的pl/sql变量外,还可以使用如type的记录类型。修改脚本如下:

set serveroutput on size 1000;

declare

type t_type is record (v_id t.object_id%type,

v_name t.object_name%type,

v_type t.object_type%type);

v_object_id t.object_id%type;

v_object_name t.object_name%type;

v_object_type t.object_type%type;

v_t_type t_type;

begin

--add a record

insert into t

(object_id, object_name)

values

(seq_t.nextval, 'MyTest')

returning object_id, object_name, object_type

into v_t_type;

dbms_output.put_line('New Record Returning : id='||v_t_type.v_id

||' name='||v_t_type.v_name

||' type='||nvl(v_t_type.v_type,'null'));

--update a record

update t

set object_id=20000

where object_id=1000

returning object_id, object_name, object_type

into v_t_type;

dbms_output.put_line('Mod Record Returning : id='||v_t_type.v_id

||' name='||v_t_type.v_name

||' type='||nvl(v_t_type.v_type,'null'));

/* v_object_id := null;

v_object_name := null;

v_object_type := null;*/

--delete a record(Empty record)

delete t

where object_id=1000

returning object_id, object_name, object_type

into v_t_type;

dbms_output.put_line('Del Record Returning : id='||v_t_type.v_id

||' name='||v_t_type.v_name

||' type='||nvl(v_t_type.v_type,'null'));

--delete a record(Not Empty Record)

delete t

where object_id=2000

returning object_id, object_name, object_type

into v_t_type;

dbms_output.put_line('Del Record Returning : id='||v_t_type.v_id

||' name='||v_t_type.v_name

||' type='||nvl(v_t_type.v_type,'null'));

--回退操作

rollback;

end;

/

输出结果为:

SQL>

New Record Returning : id=100009 name=MyTest type=null

Mod Record Returning : id=20000 name=V_$BUFFER_POOL_STATISTICS type=VIEW

Del Record Returning : id=20000 name=V_$BUFFER_POOL_STATISTICS type=VIEW

Del Record Returning : id=2000 name=GV_$AW_LONGOPS type=VIEW

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed

结论:returning intotype的支持是效果很好的,提供了很强的代码简洁性。但是对delete空记录的问题依然存在!

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