vi

1，常用命令

[N]x    删除从光标位置开始的连续N个字符（并复制到编辑缓冲区），是expurgate的缩写
[N]dd  删除从光标位置开始的连续N行（并复制到编辑缓冲区），是delete的缩写
[N]yy  复制从光标位置开始的连续N行到编辑缓冲区，是yank的缩写
p        将编辑缓冲区的内容粘贴到当前光标位置，是put的缩写
u        取消上一次操作，是undo的缩写

CTRL + r  redo
h j k l  向左、下、上、右移动光标
:N       移动光标到第N行
1G      移动光标到第一行
G        移动光标到最后一行
:set number      显示行号
:set nonumber  不显示行号
:q      退出没有被修改的文件，若文件被修改了但还没有保存，则命令执行失败，是quit的缩写
:q!     不保存修改过的文件而强制退出
:w     保存文件，但不退出，是write的缩写
:w!    强制保存文件，但不退出
:x      保存文件并退出，是exit的缩写
:x!     强制保存文件并退出
:w file  另存为file给出的文件名，但不退出
:w! file 强制另存为file给出的文件名，但不退出
:r file    读入file指定的文件内容并插入到光标位置，是read的缩写
a i o 插入

 

2，.vimrc文件
.vimrc and customization

 

vim is extremely customizable. It will read the file .vimrc in your home directory before it starts. This file can contain settings and even scripts. The below settings are ones I've found helpful -- give them a try!

set nocompatible
This setting prevents vim from emulating the original vi's bugs and limitations.

set autoindent
set smartindent
The first setting tells vim to use "autoindent" (that is, use the current line's indent level to set the indent level of new lines). The second makes vim attempt to intelligently guess the indent level of any new line based on the previous line, assuming the source file is in a C-like language. Combined, they are very useful in writing well-formatted source code.

set tabstop=4
set shiftwidth=4
I prefer 4-space tabs to 8-space tabs. The first setting sets up 4-space tabs, and the second tells vi to use 4 spaces when text is indented. (auto or with the manual indent adjustmenters)

set showmatch
This setting will cause the cursor to very briefly jump to a brace/parenthese/bracket's "match" whenever you type a closing or opening brace/parenthese/bracket. I've had almost no mismatched-punctuation errors since I started using this setting.

set guioptions-=T
I find the toolbar in the GUI version of vim (gvim) to be somewhat useless visual clutter. This option gets rid of the toolbar.

set vb t_vb=
This setting prevents vi from making its annoying beeps when a command doesn't work. Instead, it briefly flashes the screen -- much less annoying.

set ruler
This setting ensures that each window contains a statusline that displays the current cursor position.

set nohls
By default, search matches are highlighted. I find this annoying most of the time. This option turns off search highlighting. You can always turn it back on with :set hls.

set incsearch
With this nifty option, vim will search for text as you enter it. For instance, if you type /bob to search for bob, vi will go to the first "b" after you type the "b," to the first "bo" after you type the "o," and so on. It makes searching much faster, since if you pay attention you never have to enter more than the minimum number of characters to find your target location. Make sure that you press Enter to accept the match after vim finds the location you want.

set virtualedit=all
By default, vim doesn't let the cursor stray beyond the defined text. This setting allows the cursor to freely roam anywhere it likes in command mode. It feels weird at first but is quite useful.

Type :help options within vim to get a complete list of options.

Many more advanced techniques, options, and mappings are available on the official vim site.

" Vimrc file, http://phuzz.org

set nocompatible    " use vim defaults
set ls=2            " allways show status line
set tabstop=4       " numbers of spaces of tab character
set shiftwidth=4    " numbers of spaces to (auto)indent
set scrolloff=3     " keep 3 lines when scrolling
set showcmd         " display incomplete commands
set hlsearch        " highlight searches
set incsearch       " do incremental searching
set ruler           " show the cursor position all the time
set visualbell t_vb=    " turn off error beep/flash
set novisualbell    " turn off visual bell
set nobackup        " do not keep a backup file
set number          " show line numbers
set ignorecase      " ignore case when searching
"set noignorecase   " don't ignore case
set title           " show title in console title bar
set ttyfast         " smoother changes
"set ttyscroll=0    " turn off scrolling, didn't work well with PuTTY
set modeline        " last lines in document sets vim mode
set modelines=3     " number lines checked for modelines
set shortmess=atI   " Abbreviate messages
set nostartofline   " don't jump to first character when paging
set whichwrap=b,s,h,l,<,>,[,]   " move freely between files
"set viminfo='20,<50,s10,h

"set autoindent     " always set autoindenting on
"set smartindent    " smart indent
"set cindent        " cindent
set noautoindent
set nosmartindent
set nocindent 

"set autowrite      " auto saves changes when quitting and swiching buffer
"set expandtab      " tabs are converted to spaces, use only when required
"set sm             " show matching braces, somewhat annoying...
"set nowrap         " don't wrap lines

syntax on           " syntax highlighing
if has("gui_running")
    " See ~/.gvimrc
    set guifont=Monospace/ 10  " use this font
    set lines=50       " height = 50 lines
    set columns=100        " width = 100 columns
    set background=light   " adapt colors for background
    set selectmode=mouse,key,cmd
    set keymodel=
else
    colorscheme elflord    " use this color scheme
    set background=dark        " adapt colors for background
endif

if has("autocmd")
    " Restore cursor position
    au BufReadPost * if line("'/"") > 0|if line("'/"") <= line("$")|exe("norm '/"")|else|exe "norm $"|endif|endif

    " Filetypes (au = autocmd)
    au FileType helpfile set nonumber      " no line numbers when viewing help
    au FileType helpfile nnoremap <buffer><cr> <c-]>   " Enter selects subject
    au FileType helpfile nnoremap <buffer><bs> <c-T>   " Backspace to go back
   
    " When using mutt, text width=72
    au FileType mail,tex set textwidth=72
    au FileType cpp,c,java,sh,pl,php,asp  set autoindent
    au FileType cpp,c,java,sh,pl,php,asp  set smartindent
    au FileType cpp,c,java,sh,pl,php,asp  set cindent
    "au BufRead mutt*[0-9] set tw=72
   
    " Automatically chmod +x Shell and Perl scripts
    "au BufWritePost   *.sh             !chmod +x %
    "au BufWritePost   *.pl             !chmod +x %

    " File formats
    au BufNewFile,BufRead  *.pls    set syntax=dosini
    au BufNewFile,BufRead  modprobe.conf    set syntax=modconf
endif

" Keyboard mappings
map <F1> :previous<CR>  " map F1 to open previous buffer
map <F2> :next<CR>      " map F2 to open next buffer
map <silent> <C-N> :silent noh<CR> " turn off highlighted search
map ,v :sp ~/.vimrc<cr> " edit my .vimrc file in a split
map ,e :e ~/.vimrc<cr>      " edit my .vimrc file
map ,u :source ~/.vimrc<cr> " update the system settings from my vimrc file
"----- write out html file
map ,h :source $VIM/vim71/syntax/2html.vim<cr>:w<cr>:clo<cr>

" Common command line typos
"cmap W w
"cmap Q q

" Keyboard mapping for numeric keypad
"imap <Esc>OM <c-m>
" map <Esc>OM <c-m>
"imap <Esc>OP <nop>
" map <Esc>OP <nop>
"imap <Esc>OQ /
" map <Esc>OQ /
"imap <Esc>OR *
" map <Esc>OR *
"imap <Esc>OS -
" map <Esc>OS -

"imap <Esc>Ol +
"imap <Esc>Om -
"imap <Esc>On ,
"imap <Esc>Op 0
"imap <Esc>Oq 1
"imap <Esc>Or 2
"imap <Esc>Os 3
"imap <Esc>Ot 4
"imap <Esc>Ou 5
"imap <Esc>Ov 6
"imap <Esc>Ow 7
"imap <Esc>Ox 8
"imap <Esc>Oy 9
"imap <Esc>Oz 0

 

map <F3> : call CompileGcc()<CR>
func! CompileGcc()
  exec "w"
  exec "!gcc % -o %<"
endfunc

map <F4> :call CompileRunGcc()<CR>
func! CompileRunGcc()
  exec "w"
  exec "!gcc % -o %<"
  exec "! ./%<"
endfunc

This, when added to your vimrc, will use F3 to compile and F4 to compile and run. Errors (if any) and output is shown.