如何在linux和windows下获得硬盘设备的接口通道信息

来源：互联网发布：韩孝周拍过的三级知乎编辑：程序博客网时间：2024/06/11 16:19

原创文章，转载请注明出处，谢谢！
作者：清林，博客名：飞空静渡

首先，在linux下，要获得硬盘的接口通道信息，我们可以运行：cat /proc/scsi/scsi，我机子的输出如下：

Attached devices:
Host: scsi0 Channel: 00 Id: 00 Lun: 00
Vendor: ATA      Model: MAXTOR STM325031 Rev: 3.AA
Type:   Direct-Access                    ANSI SCSI revision: 05
Host: scsi0 Channel: 00 Id: 01 Lun: 00
Vendor: ATA      Model: WDC WD1600JS-58N Rev: 10.0
Type:   Direct-Access                    ANSI SCSI revision: 05
Host: scsi2 Channel: 00 Id: 00 Lun: 00
Vendor: Toshiba Model: External USB HDD Rev: 1.02
Type:   Direct-Access                    ANSI SCSI revision: 02
Host: scsi20 Channel: 00 Id: 00 Lun: 00
Vendor: TOSHIBA Model: MK1652GSX        Rev: LV01
Type:   Direct-Access                    ANSI SCSI revision: 00

这就是这几个硬盘设备在各个通道上的信息。

如果是在Win7下（winXP看不到Channel和Lun等信息），我们可以右击“我的电脑”－－“管理”－－“硬盘管理”－－选择一个硬盘（不是分区）右击－－“属性”，然后就可以看到了，下面是一个硬盘属性的截图：

我们对比linux和windows下的这个信息（Channel 0, Target 0, Lun 0），这个信息就是我们硬盘上的一下接口的信息。

现在的问题是我们如何来获取这个信息呢，就是写个程序来获取这个信息。

首先，先看下linux，当我 cat /proc/scsi/scsi 输出的信息如上面所示，我只查看第4个硬盘的信息，如下：

Host: scsi20 Channel: 00 Id: 00 Lun: 00
Vendor: TOSHIBA Model: MK1652GSX Rev: LV01
Type: Direct-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 00

再集中选取一下：

scsi20 Channel: 00 Id: 00 Lun: 00

这几个接口的信息就是：

20 00 00 00

这几个信息，我们又怎么样获得呢，答案就是udev，下面我运行这个命令：

udevadmin monitor

运行这个命令时，udev会等待一个硬盘的插拔事件，这时我把我的第四个硬盘（也是个外置的移动硬盘）拔掉，这样就得到一个硬盘从系统上移出的信息，udev就可以获得，我的输出如下：

monitor will print the received events for:
UDEV - the event which udev sends out after rule processing
KERNEL - the kernel uevent

KERNEL[1269851734.642182] remove   /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb1/1-7/1-7:1.0/host20/target20:0:0/20:0:0:0/scsi_generic/sg3 (scsi_generic)
UDEV [1269851734.642219] remove   /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb1/1-7/1-7:1.0/host20/target20:0:0/20:0:0:0/scsi_disk/20:0:0:0 (scsi_disk)
KERNEL[1269851734.642245] remove   /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb1/1-7/1-7:1.0/host20/target20:0:0/20:0:0:0/scsi_device/20:0:0:0 (scsi_device)
KERNEL[1269851734.642267] remove   /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb1/1-7/1-7:1.0/host20/target20:0:0/20:0:0:0/scsi_disk/20:0:0:0 (scsi_disk)
KERNEL[1269851734.642295] remove   /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb1/1-7/1-7:1.0/host20/target20:0:0/20:0:0:0/block/sdd/sdd2 (block)
KERNEL[1269851734.642321] remove   /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb1/1-7/1-7:1.0/host20/target20:0:0/20:0:0:0/block/sdd/sdd1 (block)
KERNEL[1269851734.642343] remove   /devices/virtual/bdi/8:48 (bdi)
KERNEL[1269851734.642368] remove   /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb1/1-7/1-7:1.0/host20/target20:0:0/20:0:0:0/block/sdd (block)
KERNEL[1269851734.642393] remove   /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb1/1-7/1-7:1.0/host20/target20:0:0/20:0:0:0 (scsi)
KERNEL[1269851734.642416] remove   /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb1/1-7/1-7:1.0/host20/target20:0:0 (scsi)
KERNEL[1269851734.642438] remove   /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb1/1-7/1-7:1.0/host20/scsi_host/host20 (scsi_host)
KERNEL[1269851734.642460] remove   /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb1/1-7/1-7:1.0/host20 (scsi)
UDEV [1269851734.643850] remove   /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb1/1-7/1-7:1.0/host20/target20:0:0/20:0:0:0/scsi_generic/sg3 (scsi_generic)
UDEV [1269851734.643881] remove   /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb1/1-7/1-7:1.0/host20/target20:0:0/20:0:0:0/scsi_device/20:0:0:0 (scsi_device)
UDEV [1269851734.644394] remove   /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb1/1-7/1-7:1.0/host20/target20:0:0/20:0:0:0/block/sdd/sdd2 (block)
UDEV [1269851734.644426] remove   /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb1/1-7/1-7:1.0/host20/scsi_host/host20 (scsi_host)
KERNEL[1269851734.644454] remove   /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb1/1-7/1-7:1.0 (usb)
UDEV [1269851734.644520] remove   /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb1/1-7/1-7:1.0/host20/target20:0:0/20:0:0:0/block/sdd/sdd1 (block)
KERNEL[1269851734.644625] remove   /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb1/1-7 (usb)
UDEV [1269851734.664949] remove   /devices/virtual/bdi/8:48 (bdi)
UDEV [1269851734.665017] remove   /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb1/1-7/1-7:1.0/host20/target20:0:0/20:0:0:0/block/sdd (block)
UDEV [1269851734.665046] remove   /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb1/1-7/1-7:1.0/host20/target20:0:0/20:0:0:0 (scsi)
UDEV [1269851734.665069] remove   /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb1/1-7/1-7:1.0/host20/target20:0:0 (scsi)
UDEV [1269851734.665092] remove   /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb1/1-7/1-7:1.0/host20 (scsi)
UDEV [1269851734.665118] remove   /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb1/1-7/1-7:1.0 (usb)
UDEV [1269851734.665162] remove   /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb1/1-7 (usb)

好，我又集中的选取其中一条信息，如下：

KERNEL[1269851734.642182] remove /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb1/1-7/1-7:1.0/host20/target20:0:0/20:0:0:0/scsi_generic/sg3 (scsi_generic)

看下上面这条信息，我加红了其中的4个字段，它们就是20:0:0:0

这个字段的信息就是对应于 cat /proc/scsi/scsi输出的

scsi20 Channel: 00 Id: 00 Lun: 00

20 00 00 00

信息。

那在linux下个程序来获得这几个接口信息就简单了，具体可以看udev的源码或是看我的udev的序列文章《udev（九）-- 写个程序检测我们的设备插拔》及其前面的文章。

下面重点来看下Windows下如何得到，下面的代码是我写的代码中节选出来的，它可以打印出上图中的Location:后面的信息：

#include <setupapi.h>#include <cfgmgr32.h>#include <iostream>using namespace std;#define SECTOR_SIZE 512void GetChannelInfo(std::vector<dev> &vids){HDEVINFOhDevInfo; GUIDguid = DiskClassGuid; BYTEbuffer[SECTOR_SIZE]; DWORDdwRequiredSize ; TCHARbuf[SECTOR_SIZE]; DEVINSTdevInstParent; DWORDdwIndex; intnLength; SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA devInterfaceData; SP_DEVINFO_DATA devInfoData; PSP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA pDevDetail; hDevInfo = SetupDiGetClassDevs(&guid, NULL, NULL,DIGCF_DEVICEINTERFACE | DIGCF_PRESENT); if(hDevInfo == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) { return; }for(dwIndex = 0; ;dwIndex ++) { memset(&devInterfaceData, 0, sizeof(devInterfaceData)); devInterfaceData.cbSize = sizeof(devInterfaceData); // Get device Interface data. if(!SetupDiEnumDeviceInterfaces(hDevInfo, NULL, &guid, dwIndex,&devInterfaceData)) { break; } memset(&devInfoData, 0, sizeof(devInfoData)); devInfoData.cbSize = sizeof(devInfoData); pDevDetail = (PSP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA)buffer; pDevDetail->cbSize = sizeof(SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA); // Get device interface detail data to get // Device Instance from SP_DEVINFO_DATA and // Device Path from SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetail(hDevInfo,&devInterfaceData,pDevDetail,SECTOR_SIZE,&dwRequiredSize,&devInfoData);nLength = _tcslen(pDevDetail->DevicePath);HANDLE hDrive = CreateFile(pDevDetail->DevicePath,0,FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE,NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, 0, NULL);if ( hDrive != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE ) {STORAGE_DEVICE_NUMBER sdn;DWORD dwBytesReturned = 0;DWORD dwStatus;dwStatus = DeviceIoControl(hDrive,IOCTL_STORAGE_GET_DEVICE_NUMBER,NULL, 0, &sdn, sizeof(sdn),&dwBytesReturned, NULL);if ( dwStatus ) {_TCHAR PropertyBuffer[MAX_PATH] = {0};DWORD dwRequest=1000;DWORD dwType=REG_SZ;memset(PropertyBuffer,0,sizeof(PropertyBuffer));if (SetupDiGetDeviceRegistryProperty( hDevInfo,&devInfoData,SPDRP_LOCATION_INFORMATION ,NULL,(LPBYTE)PropertyBuffer,sizeof(PropertyBuffer),&dwRequest)){wcout<<PropertyBuffer<<endl;}}CloseHandle(hDrive);}}SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList(hDevInfo); return ; }

在vc下编译，你可以链接这两个库setupapi.lib，Rpcrt4.lib。

我在Win7下的输出是这样的：

Location: 0, Target 0, Lun 0

这里的关键是使用SetupDiGetDeviceRegistryProperty的SPDRP_LOCATION_INFORMATION参数来获取这个Location信息。

其实这个函数还可以获取设备的更多的信息，这些信息你可以在上图的Details的选项上，下面有个下拉菜单，每选一个下拉菜单中的选项都会在下面的TextEditor中显示相应的信息，而这些信息，我们就可以通过SetupDiGetDeviceRegistryProperty函数的第三个参数来获取，这些参数有：

#define SPDRP_DEVICEDESC                  (0x00000000) // DeviceDesc (R/W)
#define SPDRP_HARDWAREID                  (0x00000001) // HardwareID (R/W)
#define SPDRP_COMPATIBLEIDS               (0x00000002) // CompatibleIDs (R/W)
#define SPDRP_UNUSED0                     (0x00000003) // unused
#define SPDRP_SERVICE                     (0x00000004) // Service (R/W)
#define SPDRP_UNUSED1                     (0x00000005) // unused
#define SPDRP_UNUSED2                     (0x00000006) // unused
#define SPDRP_CLASS                       (0x00000007) // Class (R--tied to ClassGUID)
#define SPDRP_CLASSGUID                   (0x00000008) // ClassGUID (R/W)
#define SPDRP_DRIVER                      (0x00000009) // Driver (R/W)
#define SPDRP_CONFIGFLAGS                 (0x0000000A) // ConfigFlags (R/W)
#define SPDRP_MFG                         (0x0000000B) // Mfg (R/W)
#define SPDRP_FRIENDLYNAME                (0x0000000C) // FriendlyName (R/W)
#define SPDRP_LOCATION_INFORMATION        (0x0000000D) // LocationInformation (R/W)
#define SPDRP_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_OBJECT_NAME (0x0000000E) // PhysicalDeviceObjectName (R)
#define SPDRP_CAPABILITIES                (0x0000000F) // Capabilities (R)
#define SPDRP_UI_NUMBER                   (0x00000010) // UiNumber (R)
#define SPDRP_UPPERFILTERS                (0x00000011) // UpperFilters (R/W)
#define SPDRP_LOWERFILTERS                (0x00000012) // LowerFilters (R/W)
#define SPDRP_BUSTYPEGUID                 (0x00000013) // BusTypeGUID (R)
#define SPDRP_LEGACYBUSTYPE               (0x00000014) // LegacyBusType (R)
#define SPDRP_BUSNUMBER                   (0x00000015) // BusNumber (R)
#define SPDRP_ENUMERATOR_NAME             (0x00000016) // Enumerator Name (R)
#define SPDRP_SECURITY                    (0x00000017) // Security (R/W, binary form)
#define SPDRP_SECURITY_SDS                (0x00000018) // Security (W, SDS form)
#define SPDRP_DEVTYPE                     (0x00000019) // Device Type (R/W)
#define SPDRP_EXCLUSIVE                   (0x0000001A) // Device is exclusive-access (R/W)
#define SPDRP_CHARACTERISTICS             (0x0000001B) // Device Characteristics (R/W)
#define SPDRP_ADDRESS                     (0x0000001C) // Device Address (R)
#define SPDRP_UI_NUMBER_DESC_FORMAT       (0X0000001D) // UiNumberDescFormat (R/W)
#define SPDRP_DEVICE_POWER_DATA           (0x0000001E) // Device Power Data (R)
#define SPDRP_REMOVAL_POLICY              (0x0000001F) // Removal Policy (R)
#define SPDRP_REMOVAL_POLICY_HW_DEFAULT   (0x00000020) // Hardware Removal Policy (R)
#define SPDRP_REMOVAL_POLICY_OVERRIDE     (0x00000021) // Removal Policy Override (RW)
#define SPDRP_INSTALL_STATE               (0x00000022) // Device Install State (R)
#define SPDRP_LOCATION_PATHS              (0x00000023) // Device Location Paths (R)

#define SPDRP_MAXIMUM_PROPERTY            (0x00000024) // Upper bound on ordinals

看下，里面或许有你想要的设备的某些信息：）

其实SetupDiGetDeviceRegistryProperty函数是用于取代早前的CM_Get_DevNode_Registry_Property_Ex函数，而这个函数也可以获得设备的相关信息，例如，上面的Location信息，可以设置CM_Get_DevNode_Registry_Property_Ex函数的第二个参数设置成CM_DRP_LOCATION_INFORMATION，这样也可以获取设备的Location信息，其信息和SetupDiGetDeviceRegistryProperty函数的SPDRP_LOCATION_INFORMATION参数获取的是一样的。