VC++ 编程荟萃(1-20)

01 菜单栏热键

//系统资源.resIDR_MAINFRAME ACCELERATORS PRELOAD MOVEABLE PURE BEGIN "L", IDM_MENUACCE, VIRTKEY, SHIFT, CONTROL,NOINVERTEND //通过资源来映射快捷键,ctrl+shift+l 与 IDM资源号对应它的点击事件.//view.hprotected: //{{AFX_MSG(CMenuAcceView) afx_msg void OnMenuacce(); //}}AFX_MSG//view.cppBEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP(CMenuAcceView, CView) //{{AFX_MSG_MAP(CMenuAcceView) ON_COMMAND(IDM_MENUACCE, OnMenuacce) //}}AFX_MSG_MAPEND_MESSAGE_MAP()void CMenuAcceView::OnMenuacce() { MessageBox ( "菜单快捷键实例");//弹出一个消息框}  

02 动态创建菜单栏

xx.rcSTRINGTABLE DISCARDABLE BEGIN IDM_ITEM_NEW "新增菜单项"ENDview.cppvoid CDynMenuView::OnControlPlus() {// TODO: Add your command handler code hereCMenu *pTopMenu, *pNewMenu;pTopMenu = AfxGetMainWnd() ->GetMenu();//得到主菜单指针pNewMenu = pTopMenu->GetSubMenu (4); //获取子菜单pNewMenu ->AppendMenu (MF_SEPARATOR );//增加一条分隔线CString newMenuName;newMenuName.LoadString(IDM_ITEM_NEW);//资源映射字符串pNewMenu->AppendMenu(MF_STRING, IDM_ITEM_NEW, newMenuName);}void CDynMenuView::OnControlRestore() {// TODO: Add your command handler code hereCMenu *pTopMenu, *pNewMenu;pTopMenu = AfxGetMainWnd() ->GetMenu();//得到主菜单指针pNewMenu = pTopMenu->GetSubMenu (4);pNewMenu->DeleteMenu (2,MF_BYPOSITION);//删除菜单项pNewMenu->DeleteMenu (1,MF_BYPOSITION);}

03 位图菜单项

//添加的代码//CBitmap m_checkBitmap,unCheckBitmap//IDB_CHECK BITMAP RDABLE "res//COPY.BMP"//IDB_UNCHECK BITMAP DISCARDABLE "res//CUT.BMP" m_checkBitmap.LoadBitmap ( IDB_CHECK);//从资源中装载位图 m_unCheckBitmap.LoadBitmap ( IDB_UNCHECK); CMenu * pTopMenu = GetMenu (); pSubMenu = pTopMenu->GetSubMenu (3);pSubMenu->SetMenuItemBitmaps ( 1, MF_BYPOSITION, &m_checkBitmap, &m_unCheckBitmap);//添加完毕.选中与没选中的图标 //析构函数中,记得释放资源if ( m_checkBitmap.m_hObject )m_checkBitmap.DeleteObject();if ( m_unCheckBitmap.m_hObject)m_unCheckBitmap.DeleteObject();//添加完毕

04 鼠标右键弹出菜单

//窗口右键响应事件void CPopupMenuDlg::OnContextMenu(CWnd*, CPoint point){// CG: This block was added by the Pop-up Menu component{if (point.x == -1 && point.y == -1){//keystroke invocationCRect rect;GetClientRect(rect);ClientToScreen(rect);point = rect.TopLeft();point.Offset(5, 5);}CMenu menu;VERIFY(menu.LoadMenu(CG_IDR_POPUP_POPUP_MENU_DLG));//加载CG_IDR_POPUP_POPUP_MENU_DLG的ID菜单,此菜单资源中创建CMenu* pPopup = menu.GetSubMenu(0);ASSERT(pPopup != NULL);CWnd* pWndPopupOwner = this;while (pWndPopupOwner->GetStyle() & WS_CHILD)pWndPopupOwner = pWndPopupOwner->GetParent();pPopup->TrackPopupMenu(TPM_LEFTALIGN | TPM_RIGHTBUTTON, point.x, point.y,pWndPopupOwner);}}

05 添加菜单项

int CMainFrame::OnCreate(LPCREATESTRUCT lpCreateStruct){ CMenu* pSysMenu = GetMenu()//Demo代码:GetSystemMenu (FALSE); CString strMenuItem (_T ("New menu item")); //添加分隔线pSysMenu->AppendMenu (MF_SEPARATOR); //添加新菜单项pSysMenu->AppendMenu (MF_STRING, IDM_NEWITEM, strMenuItem); }

06 模式对话框

CModalDlg ModlaDialog;//窗口类ModlaDialog.DoModal();

07 无模式对话框(普通对话框)

CModelessDlg *dlg=new CModelessDlg;//初始化对话框对象dlg->Create(IDD_MODELESSDLG,NULL);//创建对话框dlg->ShowWindow(SW_SHOW);//显示对话框

08 AfxMessageBox

//AfxMessageBox是MFC封装的MessageBoxA.用法简单CString result_last;result_last.Format(_T("结果是：%d"),result);AfxMessageBox(result_last);///省略的参数查MSDN

09 基于对话框的应用程序

//UpdateData (TRUE): 控件值->变量值//UpdateData(FALSE): 变量值->控件值void CCounterDlg::OnOK() {// TODO: Add extra validation here UpdateData (TRUE); if (m_nRadio == 0) m_nResult = m_nOp1 + m_nOp2; UpdateData ( FALSE );}

10 对话框背景颜色

//绘制控件: nCtlColor 来判断是背景,还是控件类型,或者控件IDHBRUSH CDlgColorDlg::OnCtlColor(CDC* pDC, CWnd* pWnd, UINT nCtlColor) {HBRUSH hbr = CDialog::OnCtlColor(pDC, pWnd, nCtlColor);// TODO: Change any attributes of the DC hereif(nCtlColor ==CTLCOLOR_DLG)//这里判断的是对话框背景 return m_brushBlue; //返加蓝色刷子return hbr;}

11 滚动条的使用

//设置框架中窗口的大小BOOL CMainFrame::PreCreateWindow(CREATESTRUCT& cs){if( !CFrameWnd::PreCreateWindow(cs) )return FALSE;// TODO: Modify the Window class or styles here by modifying// the CREATESTRUCT cscs.cx = 300 ;//窗口的宽为300cs.cy = 300 ;//窗口的高为300return TRUE;}//窗口初始化时来设定滚动条 , 窗口大小如果大于300,不显示滚动条void CMyScrollView::OnInitialUpdate(){CScrollView::OnInitialUpdate();CSize sizeTotal;//设置滚动视图窗口的大小 //TODO: calculate the total size of this viewsizeTotal.cx = sizeTotal.cy = 300;//当窗口宽小于300，高小于300，显示相应的滚动条SetScrollSizes(MM_TEXT, sizeTotal);//滚动轴尺寸}//键盘事件:使用键盘快捷键来调整滚动条void CMyScrollView::OnKeyDown(UINT nChar, UINT nRepCnt, UINT nFlags) {// TODO: Add your message handler code here and/or call defaultswitch ( nChar ){case VK_HOME:OnVScroll ( SB_TOP, 0, NULL);OnHScroll ( SB_LEFT, 0, NULL);break;case VK_END:OnVScroll ( SB_BOTTOM, 0, NULL);OnHScroll ( SB_RIGHT, 0, NULL);break;case VK_UP:OnVScroll ( SB_LINEUP, 0, NULL);break;case VK_DOWN:OnVScroll ( SB_LINEDOWN, 0, NULL);break;case VK_PRIOR:OnVScroll ( SB_PAGEUP, 0, NULL);break;case VK_NEXT:OnVScroll ( SB_PAGEDOWN, 0, NULL);break;case VK_LEFT:OnHScroll ( SB_LINELEFT, 0, NULL);break;case VK_RIGHT:OnHScroll ( SB_LINERIGHT, 0, NULL);break;default:break;}CScrollView::OnKeyDown(nChar, nRepCnt, nFlags);}

12 隐藏/显示任务栏

 //RECT taskBarRECT;CBUTTON m_display,m_NotDisplayvoid CMyDlg::Onhide() {// TODO: Add your control notification handler code hereCWnd *taskBar;taskBar=FindWindow("Shell_TrayWnd",NULL);//获得任务栏窗口对象指针taskBar->GetWindowRect(&taskBarRECT);//保存原任务栏窗口的大小//改变大小 taskBar->SetWindowPos(NULL,0,600,0,0,SWP_HIDEWINDOW); m_display.EnableWindow(TRUE); //使能显示按纽m_NotDisplay.EnableWindow(FALSE); //使本按纽变灰。}void CMyDlg::Onshow() {// TODO: Add your control notification handler code hereCWnd *taskBar;taskBar=FindWindow("Shell_TrayWnd",NULL);//恢复原任务栏窗口的大小taskBar->SetWindowPos(NULL,taskBarRECT.left,taskBarRECT.top,taskBarRECT.right,taskBarRECT.bottom,SWP_SHOWWINDOW); m_NotDisplay.EnableWindow(TRUE); //使能隐藏按纽m_display.EnableWindow(FALSE); //使本按纽变灰。}

13 禁止/恢复窗口大小的改变

// case WM_SIZING:// GetWindowRect(hWnd,(LPRECT)lParam);//break;//固定窗口大小的方法有很多种，一般是在程序中处理WM_WINDOWPOSCHANGED//或WM_SIZING消息，来限制它的改变，这种方法很简单，如上。//但为了控制这种限制（即使能改，使不能改），这种方法就不行//原理：//窗口有很多风格（window style）,一般缺剩省的风格是WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW//它是WS_OVERLAPPED, WS_CAPTION, WS_SYSMENU, WS_THICKFRAME, //WS_MINIMIZEBOX,WS_MAXIMIZEBOX组合。//逐个说明这些风格！//WS_THICKFRAME是使窗口具有可改变的边界（sizing border）LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam){switch (message) {case WM_COMMAND: //当鼠标点击按纽时，按纽窗口向父窗口（本窗口） //发送该消息 //lParam指向子窗口，为HWND类型if((HWND)lParam==hWnd_button1)//当选择了“禁止改变”按纽时{ SetWindowLong(hWnd,GWL_STYLE,WS_OVERLAPPED|WS_CAPTION|WS_SYSMENU); ShowWindow(hWnd, SW_SHOW);//用SetWindowLong改变窗口属性后，屏幕窗口并非立即发生改变 //所以要调用ShowWindow函数} if((HWND)lParam==hWnd_button2)//当选择了“使能改变”按纽时{ SetWindowLong(hWnd,GWL_STYLE,WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW); ShowWindow(hWnd, SW_SHOW);}break;//............ } return 0;}

14 不规则窗口

//手动设置窗口大小BOOL CMainFrame::PreCreateWindow(CREATESTRUCT& cs){if( !CFrameWnd::PreCreateWindow(cs) )return FALSE;// TODO: Modify the Window class or styles here by modifying// the CREATESTRUCT cscs.cx = 350;//窗口宽250cs.cy = 350;//窗口高250return TRUE;}//自动生成的代码省略.CRgn m_crgn;使用::SetWindowRgn(hwnd,xx,xx)可绘制所需的窗口.CRgn还可绘制其他形状的.具体查看MSDNint CMainFrame::OnCreate(LPCREATESTRUCT lpCreateStruct){ if (CView::OnCreate(lpCreateStruct) == -1) return -1; //添加代码m_crgn.CreateEllipticRgn ( -50, -50, 400, 400);//创建一个椭圆形区域SetWindowRgn ( (HRGN) m_crgn ,TRUE );//将区域设定为窗口 //添加完毕....}

15 透明窗体

//法一:此方法通过先保存DC屏幕上的背景,然后绘制一个与之相同的背景过去,造成假象的一个伪透明窗口,必须时刻绘制用户更改后的背景才能达到更好的伪透明窗口.int CMyView::OnCreate(LPCREATESTRUCT lpCreateStruct) {if (CView::OnCreate(lpCreateStruct) == -1)return -1;//CWnd* mainfraim; // mainfraim=AfxGetMainWnd();//mainfraim->SetActiveWindow();// TODO: Add your specialized creation code here::SetClassLong(this->m_hWnd,GCL_HBRBACKGROUND,(long)GetStockObject(HOLLOW_BRUSH));width=GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN);//保存当前显示器的分辨率height=GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN);CWindowDC screenDC(NULL);//获得屏幕窗口的上下文//初始化位图hbmp.CreateBitmap(width,height,screenDC.GetDeviceCaps(PLANES),screenDC.GetDeviceCaps(BITSPIXEL),NULL); memDC.CreateCompatibleDC(NULL); oldObject=memDC.SelectObject(&hbmp); memDC.BitBlt(0,0,width,height,&screenDC,0,0,SRCCOPY);return 0;}void CMyView::OnPaint() {CPaintDC dc(this); // device context for painting// TODO: Add your message handler code hereRECT clientRect;GetClientRect(&clientRect);//获得当前客户区的大小POINT lefttop;lefttop.x=clientRect.left;lefttop.y=clientRect.top;ClientToScreen(&lefttop);//将窗口客户区左上角的点坐标转换为屏幕坐标 //用保存的位图将客户区重画dc.BitBlt(0,0,clientRect.right,clientRect.bottom,&memDC,lefttop.x,lefttop.y,SRCCOPY);// Do not call CView::OnPaint() for painting messages}//另一种方法:通过加载user32.dll,使用SetLayeredWindowAttributes函数来实现.缺点:放在视频流(wmv等)前面可能会造成窗口闪烁(根据你电脑配置处理速度决定).据说使用DirectX绘制不会出现此情况.//设置对话框半透明BOOL CMessage::OnInitDialog(){ SetWindowLong(this->GetSafeHwnd(),GWL_EXSTYLE,GetWindowLong(this->GetSafeHwnd(),GWL_EXSTYLE)^0x80000);HINSTANCE hInst = LoadLibrary("User32.DLL"); if(hInst) { typedef BOOL (WINAPI *MYFUNC)(HWND,COLORREF,BYTE,DWORD); MYFUNC fun = NULL;//取得SetLayeredWindowAttributes函数指针 fun=(MYFUNC)GetProcAddress(hInst, "SetLayeredWindowAttributes");if(fun)fun(this->GetSafeHwnd(),0,128,2);//这里参数128为透明度.取值范围:0-255,0为完全透明 FreeLibrary(hInst); }}

16  一个总在最上层的紫色窗口

//设置在最上层.下面那种是mfc中CWnd的::SetWindowPos ( AfxGetMainWnd ()->m_hWnd ,HWND_TOPMOST,-1, -1, -1, -1, SWP_NOMOVE|SWP_NOSIZE);//SetWindowPos ( &wndTopMost , -1, -1, -1, -1, SWP_NOMOVE| SWP_NOSIZE);//取消窗口最上SetWindowPos ( &wndNoTopMost , -1, -1, -1, -1, SWP_NOMOVE| SWP_NOSIZE);//WM_ERASEBKGN消息事件,绘制紫色背景BOOL CTopWindowView::OnEraseBkgnd(CDC* pDC) {// TODO: Add your message handler code here and/or call default// Create a pruple brush.//创建一个紫色的刷子CBrush Brush (RGB (128 , 0 , 128) );// Select the brush into the device context .//把紫色刷子选进设备环境CBrush* pOldBrush = pDC->SelectObject (&Brush);// Get the area that needs to be erased .//创建需要重画的区域CRect rcClip;pDC ->GetClipBox (&rcClip);//Paint the area.//重画区域pDC -> PatBlt (rcClip.left , rcClip.top , rcClip.Width ( ) , rcClip.Height( ) , PATCOPY );//Unselect brush out of device context .//把紫色刷子选出设备环境pDC ->SelectObject (pOldBrush );// Return nonzero to half fruther processing .return TRUE;//return CView::OnEraseBkgnd(pDC);}

17 窗口居中

//限MFC中CWnd使用//由于该出口没有父窗口，所以就相对于屏幕居中CenterWindow ();//直接相对于屏幕居中CenterWindow (GetDesktopWindow ());//使主窗口框架相对于屏幕居中AfxGetMainWnd() -> CenterWindow( );

18 拖动非标题栏移动窗口

//view.cpp中设置鼠标左键消息.然后pestmessage,让客户区如标题栏一样的移动窗口.void CMyView::OnLButtonDown(UINT nFlags, CPoint point) {// TODO: Add your message handler code here and/or call defaultCView::OnLButtonDown(nFlags, point);GetParentFrame()->PostMessage(WM_NCLBUTTONDOWN,HTCAPTION,MAKELPARAM(point.x,point.y));}

19 拆分窗口

/*MSDN:A CSplitterWnd is usually embedded in a parent CFrameWnd or CMDIChildWnd object by taking the following steps: Embed a CSplitterWnd member variable in the parent frame. Override the parent frame's OnCreateClient member function. Call the CreateStatic member function from within the overridden CFrameWnd::OnCreateClient.A static splitter window contains a fixed number of panes, often from different classes.*///创建区域:CreateStatic,然后添加CreateView.//CSplitterWnd m_wndSplitterBOOL CMainFrame::OnCreateClient(LPCREATESTRUCT lpcs, CCreateContext* pContext) { m_wndSplitter.CreateStatic(this,1,2);m_wndSplitter.CreateView(0,0,RUNTIME_CLASS(CMySplitterView),CSize(350,200),pContext);m_wndSplitter.CreateView(1,0,RUNTIME_CLASS(CMySplitterView),CSize(350,200),pContext);m_wndSplitter.CreateView(0,1,RUNTIME_CLASS(CMySplitterView),CSize(00,200),pContext);m_wndSplitter.CreateView(1,1,RUNTIME_CLASS(CMySplitterView),CSize(200,200),pContext);return TRUE; return CFrameWnd::OnCreateClient(lpcs, pContext);}

20 自动停靠窗口

//WM_WINDOWPOSCHANGING消息.void CMainFrame::OnWindowPosChanging( WINDOWPOS* lpwndpos ){ RECT WorkAREA; SystemParametersInfo(SPI_GETWORKAREA,0,&WorkAREA,0); //SystemParametersInfo(SPI_SETDRAGFULLWINDOWS,TRUE,NULL,0); if(lpwndpos->x-WorkAREA.left<50) //靠近左边 lpwndpos->x=0; if(WorkAREA.right-lpwndpos->x-lpwndpos->cx<50)//靠近右边 lpwndpos->x=WorkAREA.right-lpwndpos->cx; if(lpwndpos->y-WorkAREA.top<50) //靠近上边 lpwndpos->y=0; if(WorkAREA.bottom-lpwndpos->y-lpwndpos->cy<50)//靠近下边 lpwndpos->y=WorkAREA.bottom-lpwndpos->cy;}