考研英语近义词与反义词·一

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  这段时间,想复习一下英语,做一下笔记,于是选中了之前胡敏老师主编的一本《考研英语核心词汇笔记》,既学习了英语,又能为考研需要的同学做一些帮助,何乐而不为呢?于是计划一周把这本单词书看完,并做好笔记。未必会有用吧,但是只要有一分的作用也是好的。我只摘录了书中的单词意思以及反义词,近义词,如果不能满足某些同学的特殊需要,还望海涵。
  因为我写一系列的目的是希望看了这些的同学能够举一反三的记单词,这样要比一个一个的记忆快多了。所以遂有考研英语单词记忆近义词与反义词系列。

abolitionism: 废除主义者;废奴主义者
sponge: 海绵
salmon:鲑鱼
absurd:荒谬的;同义词:foolish,ridiculous
rational:理智的;同义词:sensible
abundance:大量,丰富;同义词:plenty,large amount, great quantity,反义词:lack, shortage
abuse:滥用,虐待,辱骂;同义词:injure,damage,mistreat
academy:学院大学,研究所;同义词:college,school,educational institutional
accelerate:加速,增速,促进增长;同义词:hurry,hasten,quicken,speed up;反义词:decelerate,lag
acclaim:欢呼,称赞,喝彩;同义词:applaud,approve,cheer,praise,clap
accommodate:使适应,使符合一致;调和分歧,向什么提供住宿;同义词:supply,conform,have room for
accomplish:达到(目的),完成(任务),做到,做完,走完,度完;同义词:realize,do,complete,perform,achieve,fulfil,finish,carry out
accord:v相符合,相一致(with);授予,给予;n:一致,和谐;协议,条约。同义词:harmony,agreement,conformity;反义词:disaccord,disagree,disagreement
account:记述,叙述,账目,账户,账单;说明,解释;同义词:description,story,information,list,record,sum
accumulate:积累,集聚,积攒;同义词:gather,amass,increase,collect,assemble,store up;
accuse:指控,指责;同义词:blame,charge
acknowledge:承认,承认……的权威,就什么表示谢忱,报偿;同义词:recognize,admit,accept,grant;反义词:deny,ignore,disregard
acquire:(尤指通过学习努力)获得;得到;同义词:gain,obtain,get;反义词:loss,miss
activator:催化剂,激活剂
activate:使活动起来,使起作用
acute:尖锐的,敏锐的,剧烈的,激烈的,严重的,(疾病)急性的,治疗急性疾病的;同义词:keen,smart,quick,shrewd,sharp;反义词:dull
adapt:适应,改编;同义词:adjust,change,make fit;反义词:unfit
add:增加,甜加进一步说,附带说明;同义词:unite,increase,put together;反义词:subtract;
addict:沉溺,入迷;入迷的人,成瘾的人;同义词:fan,lover,devotee
adequate:适当的,胜任的,足够的;同义词:satisfactory,sufficient,enough,plenty,ample;反义词:inadequate,deficient,insufficient
adjacent:临近的,毗邻的(to),前后接连的;同义词:neighboring,adjoining,bordering,near,next to
adjust:调节,改变以适应(to),校正,调整;同义词:alter,change,modify,adapt
administrate:掌管,料理……的事务;施行,给予,派给,投药;同义词:manage,execute,preside
adopt:采纳,采用;正是通过,批准,继承,收养;同义词:assume,choose,accept as one's own,give a home to反义词:reject
adore:崇拜,敬爱;爱慕;极喜爱;同义词:worship,admire,cherish,idolize,love and respect;反义词:abhor,abominate,hate,despise,scorn
advance:v使向前移动,促进,提出(建议等),提高(重要性,价格等):使(未来事件)提前发生,作为赊借预先发放;n前进,进展,(数量,价格、价值等的)增长,增加;预先提供,预付;同义词:promote,progress,proceed,move forward;反义词:retreat
举例:
advance a chessman:向前移动一枚棋子
advance the cause of peace:促进和平事业
advance one's own interests at the expense of others:损人利己
advance an argument(a proposal,an opinion):提出论据(建议,意见)
a way of advancing oneself:晋升之路
advance one's prestige:提高声誉
advance prices(wages):提价(工资)
advance the rent :增加房租
advance the date of the election:选举日期提前
a major advance in science:科学上的巨大进步
material advance and spiritual enrichment:物质进步,精神充实
an advance on salary:预付工资

adverse:不友好的,敌对的;不利的,有害的;方向上(逆)的,(位置上)相反的;同义词:harmful,unfavorable,opposite,hostile,unfriendly;反义词:favorable
aesthetic:美术的,艺术的,审美的
aggravate:加重,恶化,加剧
aggressive:侵犯的,侵略的;活跃有为的,积极进取的;同义词:combative,offensive,hostile,militant
agitate搅动液体,使激动,使狂躁不安;同义词:disturb,excite,provoke,stir up;反义词:calm
agony:(极度的)痛苦,创伤;同义词:anguish,torment,suffering,pain,torture,grief,distress;反义词:relief,comfort
alarm:n惊恐,忧虑;警报;v使惊恐,向报警同义词:signal,warning,startle,arouse,frighten,shock
alert:警惕的,留神的,活泼的,敏捷的;同义词:watchful,ready,attentive,prompt,lively;反义词:dull,slow
allow:允许,准许,允给,承认;同义词:let,permit,admit,反义词:prohibit,forbid,inhibit,disallow
alone:单独的,孤独的;同义词,single,lonely;反义词:accompanied,together
alternate:交替轮流;交替的,轮流的;同义词:change,rotate,periodic;反义词:consecutive,successive,sequent
amateur:(艺术、科学等的)业余爱好者;外行;业余爱好的,外行的;同义词:beginner,non-professional;反义词:expert,specialist,professional
amaze:使惊愕,使惊异;同义词:astonish,surprise,shock
ambiguous:含糊不清的,模棱两可的;同义词:vague,obscure;反义词:clear,definite,explicit,distinct
amend:修改,修订;改进完善;同义词:revise,rectify,mend,反义词:impair
amiable:和蔼可亲的,令人愉悦的;同义词:easy,good-humoured,good-tempered,mild;反义词:unamiable,hateful,rude,ill-natured,ill-tempered
humoured:脾气
ancestor:祖先,祖宗;同义词:forbear;反义词:descendant,offspring
ancient:古代的,古老的;同义词:old,antique;反义词:modern
anecdote:趣事,逸闻;同义词:story,tale,account,joke,narrative
announce:宣布,声称,宣布……的到达;同义词:declare,proclaim,report,broadcast,tell,notify
annoy:使恼怒,使生气,打搅,骚扰;同义词;disturb,irritate,make angry;反义词:comfort,relieve,please
anonymous:匿名的,无名的;无特色的
answer:回答,响应,负有责任,答案,答复;同义词:reply,respond;同义词:question,inquire,ask
anticipate:预料,预期,先发制人,预先考虑并满足(请求,要求,期望等),使提前发生;同义词:expect,foresee
anxious:焦虑的,忧愁的(about,at),渴望的,急切的(for)同义词:nervous,concerned,fearful,agitated,worried,eager,desirous,keen;反义词:easy
apologize/apologise:道歉认错,认罪;同义词:express regret,ask forgiveness,beg pardon
appal/appall:使惊骇,使丧胆;同义词:dismay,shock,horrify,terrify,stun;反义词:hearten,inspire,inspirit
apparent:显然的,明明白白的,表面的,貌似真实的;同义词:distinct,obvious,evident,visible,clear;反义词:obscure,real,actual
appeal:呼吁,恳求,上诉,申诉,有感染力,有吸引力,n,呼吁,上诉,吸引力;同义词:ask,request,beg,implore,plead
appoint:任命,委派,指定,约定;同义词:elect,nominate,choose,name,assign
appraise:估量,估价,评价;同义词:estimate,evaluate,comment,assess
apprehend:对……担心,理解,领会,看待;同义词:fear,dread,understand,comprehend
comprehensive:忧虑的,担心的,善于领会的,聪颖的,有认识力的
appropriate:恰当的,相称的;同义词:suitable,becoming,fitting,proper;反义词:inappropriate,unsuitable,unfit,improper
approximate:大概的,大约的,近似的;v接近,近似;同义词:near,close,about,approach;反义词:exact,precise
apt:a.[后接动词不定式](习性)易于……的,有……倾向的;恰当的;聪明的;同义词:likely,prone反,suitable,appropriate,proper,clever
arbitrary:随心所欲的,个人武断的,任意的;同义词:unreasonable,willful,random
arrogant:傲慢的,自大的;同义词:proud;反义词:modest,humble,meek
articulate:发音清晰的,善于表达的,有说话能力的,v清晰地吐字,明确有力的表;同义词eloquent:雄辩的;反义词:dumb,inarticulate
artificial:人工的,造假的,人为的,假的,矫揉造作的,模拟的;同义词:man-made,false,unreal,synthetic;反义词:natural,genuine,real
ascend:登高,逐渐上升,升高;同义词:climb,rise,mount,反义词:descend
ashamed:惭愧的,羞耻的;害臊的;同义词:embarrassed,humiliated,shameful;反义词:proud
aspire:渴望,追求,有志于(to,for,after);同义词:desire,aim,seek,strive
assault:攻击,袭击;同义词:attack,offense;反义词:defense,protection,safeguard
assemble:集合,召集,装配,组装;同义词:gather;反义词:disperse,dismiss,dissolve
asset:资产,财产,宝贵(或有益)的人(或东西),优点;同义词:property,wealth,resources,glory,honor;反义词:liabilities
assimilate:吸收,消化,同化;同义词:absorb,integrate;反义词:dissimilate
associate:(使)联系,n伙伴,合伙人,同事,相关的事物;a. 副的;同义词:connect,unite,combine,fellow,partner;
assume:假定,假设,承担,呈现,假装;同义词:suppose,presume,believe,think,adopt;反义词:conclude
authentic:可靠地,可信的;真的,逼真的;同义词:true,real,genuine,convincing,credible,trustworthy;反义词:inauthentic,false,fictitious
avail:有用于,有助于;同义词:contribute,benefit,use,help;反义词:hinder
awkward:笨拙的,不灵巧的,棘手的对付的,不便的,不合适的;同义词:clumsy,inept;反义词:skillful,clever,handy
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