OkHttp中的拦截器使用--翻译自官方文档

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OkHttp中拦截器的使用

拦截器是一种有力的监听,重写,重试网络请求的机制。下面是一个简单的打印网络请求和返回日志的截器器

class LoggingInterceptor implements Interceptor {  @Override public Response intercept(Interceptor.Chain chain) throws IOException {    Request request = chain.request();    long t1 = System.nanoTime();    logger.info(String.format("Sending request %s on %s%n%s",        request.url(), chain.connection(), request.headers()));    Response response = chain.proceed(request);    long t2 = System.nanoTime();    logger.info(String.format("Received response for %s in %.1fms%n%s",        response.request().url(), (t2 - t1) / 1e6d, response.headers()));    return response;  }}

这里的调用chain.proceed(request) 是每一拦截器实现的关键一部分。这个看起来简单的方法正是HTTP生效,生成一个满足请求返回的所在。

拦截器可以被链接起来,假如你有一个压缩拦截器和一个校验拦截器。你需要决定拦截器的顺序。OKHttp使用列表来跟踪拦截器,并顺序执行拦截器。

这里写图片描述

应用拦截器

拦截器可以被注册为应用拦截器或者网络拦截器,我们使用上面定义的日志拦截器来显示这些差异。

在OkHttpClient.Builde上通过调用 addInterceptor() 来注册一个拦截器

OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient.Builder()    .addInterceptor(new LoggingInterceptor())    .build();Request request = new Request.Builder()    .url("http://www.publicobject.com/helloworld.txt")    .header("User-Agent", "OkHttp Example")    .build();Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();response.body().close();

URL: http://www.publicobject.com/helloworld.txt 重定向到 https://publicobject.com/helloworld.txt
并且 OkHttp自动跟踪这个重定向,我们的应用拦截器被调用一次,然后从 chain.proceed() 得到重定向后的返回。

INFO: Sending request http://www.publicobject.com/helloworld.txt on nullUser-Agent: OkHttp ExampleINFO: Received response for https://publicobject.com/helloworld.txt in 1179.7msServer: nginx/1.4.6 (Ubuntu)Content-Type: text/plainContent-Length: 1759Connection: keep-alive

我们可以看到我们被重定向了,因为response.request().url() 不同于 request.url(). 这两个日志语句打印了连个不同的URL。

网络拦截器

注册一个网络拦截器是非常相似的,调用addNetworkInterceptor() addInterceptor()`:

OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient.Builder()    .addNetworkInterceptor(new LoggingInterceptor())    .build();Request request = new Request.Builder()    .url("http://www.publicobject.com/helloworld.txt")    .header("User-Agent", "OkHttp Example")    .build();Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();response.body().close();

当我们运行这些代码时,这个拦截器运行了两次。一次是初始化请求http://www.publicobject.com/helloworld.txt,
另一次是用来重定向到https://publicobject.com/helloworld.txt.

INFO: Sending request http://www.publicobject.com/helloworld.txt on Connection{www.publicobject.com:80, proxy=DIRECT hostAddress=54.187.32.157 cipherSuite=none protocol=http/1.1}User-Agent: OkHttp ExampleHost: www.publicobject.comConnection: Keep-AliveAccept-Encoding: gzipINFO: Received response for http://www.publicobject.com/helloworld.txt in 115.6msServer: nginx/1.4.6 (Ubuntu)Content-Type: text/htmlContent-Length: 193Connection: keep-aliveLocation: https://publicobject.com/helloworld.txtINFO: Sending request https://publicobject.com/helloworld.txt on Connection{publicobject.com:443, proxy=DIRECT hostAddress=54.187.32.157 cipherSuite=TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA protocol=http/1.1}User-Agent: OkHttp ExampleHost: publicobject.comConnection: Keep-AliveAccept-Encoding: gzipINFO: Received response for https://publicobject.com/helloworld.txt in 80.9msServer: nginx/1.4.6 (Ubuntu)Content-Type: text/plainContent-Length: 1759Connection: keep-alive

网络请求包含更多的数据,比如Accept-Encoding: gzip 头信息被OkHttp添加以通知支持返回信息压缩功能,网络拦截器的链包含一个非空的可以被用来审查IP地址和用来连接webServer的TLS配置的连接。

如何选择应用拦截器和网络拦截器:

每种拦截器都有其优缺点。
应用拦截器:

不用担心中途返回的信息和重定向以及重试。
只被调用一次。即使从缓存中得到Http Response了。
观察应用的原始意图,不考虑OkHttp注入的头信息。比如If-None-Match.
允许跳过并且不调用Chain.proceed()
允许重试和多次调用Chain.proceed()

网络拦截器:

能够操作中间返回信息,比如重定向和重试。
当请求的返回信息被缓存时不发出调用。
只在数据数据通过网络传输时观察
接受代用请求的连接。(不太理解)
Able to operate on intermediate responses like redirects and retries.
Not invoked for cached responses that short-circuit the network.
Observe the data just as it will be transmitted over the network.
Access to the Connection that carries the request
.

重写 Requqst

拦截器可以添加,移除,或者取代请求头信息,它们也可以被转变为body,比如,你可以使用一个应用拦截器来添加一个request body压缩,如果你正在连接到一个已知支持这个机制的服务器。

/** This interceptor compresses the HTTP request body. Many webservers can't handle this! */final class GzipRequestInterceptor implements Interceptor {  @Override public Response intercept(Interceptor.Chain chain) throws IOException {    Request originalRequest = chain.request();    if (originalRequest.body() == null || originalRequest.header("Content-Encoding") != null) {      return chain.proceed(originalRequest);    }    Request compressedRequest = originalRequest.newBuilder()        .header("Content-Encoding", "gzip")        .method(originalRequest.method(), gzip(originalRequest.body()))        .build();    return chain.proceed(compressedRequest);  }  private RequestBody gzip(final RequestBody body) {    return new RequestBody() {      @Override public MediaType contentType() {        return body.contentType();      }      @Override public long contentLength() {        return -1; // We don't know the compressed length in advance!      }      @Override public void writeTo(BufferedSink sink) throws IOException {        BufferedSink gzipSink = Okio.buffer(new GzipSink(sink));        body.writeTo(gzipSink);        gzipSink.close();      }    };  }}

重写 Responses

公平的是,拦截器可以复写response的头信息并转变成response body,这通常比重写request 头信息更危险。因为这可能违反服务器的预期!

如果你在一个棘手的条件下准备处理结果,重写response headers 是一个有力的解决问题的方法。比如,你可以修复服务器的配置错误的缓存控制 response headers来运行更好的response缓存。

/** Dangerous interceptor that rewrites the server's cache-control header. */private static final Interceptor REWRITE_CACHE_CONTROL_INTERCEPTOR = new Interceptor() {  @Override public Response intercept(Interceptor.Chain chain) throws IOException {    Response originalResponse = chain.proceed(chain.request());    return originalResponse.newBuilder()        .header("Cache-Control", "max-age=60")        .build();  }};

尤其当它完成服务器上一个相应的修复时。这个方法效果更好。
Typically this approach works best when it complements a corresponding fix on the webserver!

可行性:

OkHttp’s 拦截器需要OkHttp 2.2 或者更好的Http Client。不幸的是, 拦截器不能和OkUrlFactory以及 基于它构建的库,包括 Retrofit ≤ 1.8 and Picasso ≤ 2.4 一起使用,

原文链接:https://github.com/square/okhttp/wiki/Interceptors
第一次翻译,感觉很难受!

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