HDU2296--Ring--AC自动机+DP

Problem Description

For the hope of a forever love, Steven is planning to send a ring to Jane with a romantic string engraved on. The string's length should not exceed N. The careful Steven knows Jane so deeply that he knows her favorite words, such as "love", "forever". Also, he knows the value of each word. The higher value a word has the more joy Jane will get when see it.
The weight of a word is defined as its appeared times in the romantic string multiply by its value, while the weight of the romantic string is defined as the sum of all words' weight. You should output the string making its weight maximal. 

 

Input

The input consists of several test cases. The first line of input consists of an integer T, indicating the number of test cases. Each test case starts with a line consisting of two integers: N, M, indicating the string's length and the number of Jane's favorite words. Each of the following M lines consists of a favorite word Si. The last line of each test case consists of M integers, while the i-th number indicates the value of Si.
Technical Specification

1. T ≤ 15
2. 0 < N ≤ 50, 0 < M ≤ 100.
3. The length of each word is less than 11 and bigger than 0.
4. 1 ≤ Hi ≤ 100. 
5. All the words in the input are different.
6. All the words just consist of 'a' - 'z'.

 

Output

For each test case, output the string to engrave on a single line.
If there's more than one possible answer, first output the shortest one. If there are still multiple solutions, output the smallest in lexicographically order.

The answer may be an empty string. 

 

Sample Input

27 2loveever5 55 1ab5

 

Sample Output

loveverabab
Hint
Sample 1: weight(love) = 5, weight(ever) = 5, so weight(lovever) = 5 + 5 = 10Sample 2: weight(ab) = 2 * 5 = 10, so weight(abab) = 10 
题意：给出串的长度上限，和带权的单词。求最大权的串，长度尽量小的前提下字典序尽量小。
思路：dp[i][j]表示当前状态为j，在考虑第i个位置填什么字符。
           先将所给带权字符串构建AC自动机，那么对于每个状态添加一个字符会转移到另一个状态
          也就是dp[i][j]的值可以根据dp[i+1][j添加字符后转到的状态]得到。也就是说，从后面忘前面填字母（这样可以满足字典序最小）
#include <iostream>#include <cstdio>#include <cstring>using namespace std;#define maxn 1080int dp[58][maxn];int pos[58][maxn];char str[108][12];int Cnt,first,rear;int key[108];struct node{node * fail;node * next[26];int end,cnt;node(){end = 0;cnt = Cnt++;for(int i = 0;i < 26;i++)next[i] = NULL;}}*q[maxn],*qq[maxn];void Creat_Tire(char * s,node * root,int num){node * p = root;int len = strlen(s);for(int i = 0;i < len;i++){int id = s[i] - 'a';if(p -> next[id] == NULL)p -> next[id] = qq[Cnt-1] = new node();p = p -> next[id];}p -> end += num;}void build_ac_automation(node * root){node * p = NULL;node * temp = NULL;q[rear++] = root;while(first < rear){p = q[first++];for(int i = 0;i < 26;i++){if(p -> next[i] != NULL){if(p == root){p -> next[i] -> fail = root;}else {temp = p -> fail;while(temp != NULL){if(temp -> next[i] != NULL){p -> next[i] -> fail = temp -> next[i];p -> next[i] -> end += temp -> next[i] -> end;break;}temp = temp -> fail;}}q[rear++] = p -> next[i];}else {if(p == root){p -> next[i] = root;}else {p -> next[i] = p -> fail -> next[i];}}}}}int main(){//freopen("in.txt","r",stdin);int t;scanf("%d",&t);while(t--){Cnt = first = rear = 0;node * root = new node();qq[0] = root;int n,m;scanf("%d%d",&n,&m);for(int i = 1;i <= m;i++)scanf("%s",str[i]);for(int i = 1;i <= m;i++){scanf("%d",&key[i]);Creat_Tire(str[i],root,key[i]);}build_ac_automation(root);memset(dp,0,sizeof(dp));for(int i = n;i >= 1;i--){for(int j = 0;j < Cnt;j++){int add = 0,set = 0;for(int k = 0;k < 26;k++){if(qq[j]->next[k]->end+dp[i+1][qq[j]->next[k]->cnt] > add){set = k;add = qq[j]->next[k]->end+dp[i+1][qq[j]->next[k]->cnt];}}pos[i][j] = set;dp[i][j] += add;}}int fuckpos = n+1,sum = 0;for(int i = n+1;i >= 1;i--){if(dp[i][0] > sum){sum = dp[i][0];fuckpos = i;}}int state = 0;for(int i = fuckpos;i <= n;i++){printf("%c",pos[i][state]+'a');state = qq[state] -> next[pos[i][state]] -> cnt;}puts("");}return 0;}